First, under the procuratorial system, personal social background and family background are no longer the only basis for selecting officials. As long as local scholars have real talent, practical learning, certain social prestige, or commendable moral quality, they may become the object of investigation and climb the official career. Many people of humble origins, such as Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Zhu, Under the system of Shi Qing Shi Lu, the official position was monopolized and inherited by nobles, and the average person simply did not have the conditions to be an official. Hereditary aristocrats are often extravagant, corrupt, careless and bring disaster to the country and people. At the beginning of the military service system, as long as there is military service, no matter how he comes from, he can get a title, but without military service, he can't get a title even if he comes from a famous family. The so-called "those who make meritorious deeds are honored, those who fail are rich and have nothing to lose" is also true. But in the Han dynasty, with the distinction between high and low, it was impossible for ordinary people to get senior officials. In other words, the family background at this time makes the title more and more meaningless, and the people don't care whether there is a title or not.

Second, the inspection system is conducive to attracting all kinds of talents. There are many subjects for investigation, such as filial piety, scholar, quiet, enlightened, virtuous and upright, admonition, filial piety and so on. Moreover, the governors of prefectures and counties who are familiar with local conditions can personally serve as supervisors, and they can take all kinds of talents as the targets of supervision and choose scholars as officials, which is undoubtedly beneficial to the rule of feudal countries. The military service system is not conducive to selecting officials according to their abilities. Under the military service system, knighthood is only based on military service, thus depriving many physically weak soldiers of their rights. Han Feizi said, "Today's officials are wise, but today's beheaders are brave." Governing a wise official with courage is also a skill of decapitation. "This makes sense. In the Qin dynasty, the system of "counting people and conferring titles" was also implemented, and many things happened (this was recorded in the bamboo slips of Hu Diqin's tomb). Stimulated by the temptation of the military system, soldiers slaughtered wildly, and many people died in almost every war, which caused great damage to society. The disadvantages of Shi Qing Shi Lu system are more obvious. Under the system of clear records in the world, official positions are monopolized by nobles and hereditary. Even if the young aristocrats are fatuous or even idiots, they can inherit the position of their fathers and brothers. Such a big drawback!

Third, the procuratorial system is conducive to centralization, which is more obvious than the military system. Under the inspection system, although the inspection power is delegated to local governments, the appointment and removal of officials is ultimately in the hands of the central government, which is still free to appoint officials. However, under the military system, it is easy for local governors to "cover the Lord with high achievements" and pose a threat to imperial power. In the early Western Han Dynasty, almost all enfeoffment kings with different surnames were beneficiaries of the military system, resulting in a powerful local kingdom that the central government could not control. The problem of local kingdom has become the biggest threat to centralization in the Western Han Dynasty, which shows that military service system is not conducive to centralization.

Fourth, the inspection system can generally guarantee the "quality" of the inspected at the beginning of implementation. Participants have a one-year term, and only those who are competent can become official officials. If you are incompetent, you will be replaced, and the referees will be punished, which makes tea people afraid to recommend scholars casually. It goes without saying that scholars are directly investigated in the form of policy issues. Shun Di of the Eastern Han Dynasty adopted Zuo Xiong's suggestion, and talents had to pass strict examinations, one was classics, the other was writing and performance. "It's all students who ask questions in the chapter, and scholars have to take the exam." After the government's initial examination, a second examination will be held at Duanmen (Yushitai). With such strict checks and talent selection, it is difficult for Mr. Nanguo to muddle through.

To sum up, the procuratorial system is a great progress compared with the official system and the military system. The rule of the Han Dynasty lasted for 400 years, which was closely related to the effective implementation of the procuratorial system. Just as everything has advantages and disadvantages, the procuratorial system has many of the above advantages, but it also has its serious shortcomings.

First, under the inspection system, although there are many inspection objects, it is impossible to recommend all the sages to the court because of the size of the world and the number of sages. There are still many unknown talents who are buried in the countryside and have not been employed for life, resulting in the loss and waste of talents. In Han Dynasty, the literati who entered the government from Chaju only accounted for a very small part of the total number of officials. Many villains took advantage of the opportunity of Chaju, or bribed or tried their best to make themselves the object of Chaju. In addition, people whose official career is checked will be grateful to the inspectors and work for them, which will easily lead to sectarian behavior and form local groups.

Secondly, the investigation of scholars' moral quality is the premise of procuratorial system, but it is not easy to do it well because it is difficult to make a pertinent evaluation of people's moral quality. A person's moral quality can only be objectively evaluated through a long-term investigation of his words and deeds, which may be false or will change in the future. And the list goes on. For example, Wu Xu, who tried his best to seek fame and reputation in the biography of Xu Jing in the Later Han Dynasty; Before Wang Mang usurped the Han Dynasty, he was humble and filial, with great reputation and prestige. Later, he became a historical sinner who usurped the Han Dynasty. As the saying goes, "Who knows if Wang Mang dies first?" .

Third, with the widespread implementation of the procuratorial system, there is a tendency of criticism in local towns and villages. Celebrities are good at judging people, ignoring reality and making empty comments. This bad atmosphere was left to later generations, especially in the Wei and Jin Dynasties. Many celebrities of "Qingyi" are "clients and guests, earning sky-high prices by Taoism and art", and Qingyi has become the capital for these hypocrites to gain fame and political interests.

Fourthly, in its later period, the disadvantages of the procuratorial system became more and more serious. By the middle and late Eastern Han Dynasty, local voting rights were controlled by a few ministers and prominent families. They often recommend children from prestigious families regardless of their academic performance, which makes the scope of the investigation narrower and narrower, and most of the people under investigation are not worthy of the name. "The scholar is illiterate, separated from Lian Xiao's father, cold as mud, and the top leader is as timid as a chicken." There have been "four generations and five people", "repeated officials and ministers" and "repeated classics" bureaucratic groups in society. At this time, the procuratorial system has become a hereditary system in disguise, and it has become a tool for those officials and families to safeguard their power and privileges. And "a history of China's political system proves that no matter what kind of bureaucracy, once it becomes hereditary, it will soon decay." (Zhu Shaohou) The extreme decadence of the gentry in Wei and Jin Dynasties was caused by the serious drawbacks of the imperial examination system in Han Dynasty.

To sum up, compared with the imperial examination system and the military system, the imperial examination system in the Han Dynasty has obvious advantages, which is one of the important reasons why the feudal society in China can achieve initial development in the Han Dynasty. However, the procuratorial system also has serious drawbacks, especially in its later period. History is a mirror. "Take history as a mirror and you can know the gains and losses." At present, China is in a critical period of socialist modernization, and the country is in urgent need of all kinds of talents. Therefore, it is necessary to learn from the gains and losses of China's ancient electoral system and strive to promote China's socialist modernization.