1. Liang Sili
Liang Sili was one of the first batch of scientists studying in the United States to return to China to work. In fact, on the eve of the founding of New China, Liang Sili returned to his motherland on the "President Cleveland" cruise ship in September 1949.
Liang Sili is the youngest son of Liang Qichao. He was born in Beijing on August 24, 1924. In 1941, 17-year-old Liang Sili applied for a full scholarship to study in the United States. In September 1949, Liang Sili, Chen Lisheng, Yan Renying and others heard the news of the founding of New China on their homemade radios on their way back to China on the "Cleveland President" cruise ship. They were so excited that they made a five-star red flag on the boat according to their own understanding.
After returning to China, Liang Sili participated in many "firsts" in China's aerospace history and made significant contributions to China's aerospace industry.
2. Hua Luogeng
Hua Luogeng was born in Jintan District, Changzhou, Jiangsu Province on November 12, 1910. When he was a child, he loved to use his brain to think about problems. He would often remain motionless, and others would laugh at him as "a fool."
Hua Luogeng only had a junior high school diploma and relied entirely on self-taught to enter Tsinghua University. In 1936, Hua Luogeng studied abroad at Cambridge University in England. In 1948, he was appointed as a full professor by the University of Illinois in the United States. In 1950, Hua Luogeng, his wife, and children took the "Cleveland President" cruise ship from the United States and returned to China. During his stay in Hong Kong, Hua Luogeng published an "Open Letter to Those Studying in the United States." The letter quoted "Although Liangyuan is good, it is not a place to live permanently." It was broadcast to the world through Xinhua News Agency and had a great influence on scientists studying in the United States. .
After Hua Luogeng returned to China, he devoted himself to mathematical research and brought China's mathematical research to the world's first-class level. He also brought out a number of the world's top mathematicians such as Chen Jingrun and Wang Yuan. He is known as the "Father of Modern Chinese Mathematics", "God of Chinese Mathematics" and "People's Mathematician".
3. Zhu Guangya
Zhu Guangya returned to his motherland by boat with Hua Luogeng.
Zhu Guangya was born in Yichang, Hubei Province on December 25, 1924. In 1945, the Nationalist Government of Chiang Kai-shek proposed the idea of ??building an atomic bomb and sent three scientists, Wu Dayou, Zeng Zhaolun, and Hua Luogeng, to the United States for inspection. Zhu Guangya went to the United States together in the name of Wu Dayou's assistant.
In February 1950, Zhu Guangya refused travel expenses from the U.S. Economic Cooperation Administration and returned to the motherland via Hong Kong with Hua Luogeng and other scientists. During the War to Resist U.S. Aggression and Aid Korea, Zhu Guangya served as an English translator at the Secretariat of the Volunteer Army Armistice Negotiation Delegation. Subsequently, Zhu Guangya participated in organizing and leading China's first atomic bomb explosion, first hydrogen bomb explosion, China's first underground nuclear test, and preparations for the construction of China's first nuclear power plant.
4. Deng Jiaxian
Deng Jiaxian was born in Huaining County, Anhui Province on June 25, 1924. While studying at Peking Chongde Middle School, he became good friends with his classmate Yang Zhenning. In 1948, Deng Jiaxian entered the graduate school of Purdue University in the United States and obtained his doctorate in just over a year.
In October 1950, the year Deng Jiaxian graduated, the United States extended an olive branch to him. The United States has superior conditions, and both living conditions and working environment are unmatched by the "poor and white" motherland. . Despite this, he still insisted on returning to China and devoted himself to the construction of the motherland without fear of any hardships.
After returning to China, Deng Jiaxian participated in leading the development of atomic bombs and hydrogen bombs. Deng Jiaxian worked hard during the development, suffered radiation, and suffered from rectal cancer. One year, Yang Zhenning, who returned to China to visit relatives, asked: "Old classmate, what benefits has the country given you that you have to sacrifice your life for such a shameless life?"
Deng Jiaxian smiled and gestured with his two fingers. , said: "The atomic bomb is 10 yuan, the hydrogen bomb is 10 yuan."
On July 29, 1986, Deng Jiaxian died in Beijing due to rectal cancer. The whole country mourned.
5. Qian Xuesen
Qian Xuesen’s return to China was full of twists and turns.
Qian Xuesen was born in Lin'an, Hangzhou City, Zhejiang Province on December 11, 1911.
In 1934, 23-year-old Qian Xuesen was admitted to Tsinghua University's seventh batch of Geng Grant students studying in the United States. In September 1935, he entered the Department of Aeronautics of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology to study and became a student of the world-famous scientist von Kármán.
In October 1949, when news of the founding of New China came, Qian Xuesen and his wife Jiang Ying discussed returning to serve the motherland. However, due to the persecution of "McCarthyism", Qian Xuesen was detained when he returned to China and has been under the surveillance of the US Immigration Service and the FBI.
In 1954, Qian Xuesen saw his father’s friend Chen Shutong standing on the Tiananmen Gate in Beijing in a newspaper and decided to write to him for help. This letter, written on the paper of a cigarette pack, traveled through time and finally arrived in China. With the vigorous mediation of Zhou Enlai and others, Qian Xuesen and his family boarded the ship "President Cleveland" on September 17, 1955, and embarked on a journey back to the motherland.
Qian Xuesen is a well-deserved hero of the "two bombs and one satellite". Some people say that his return to China has advanced China's "two bombs and one satellite" research process by at least 20 years.
6. Qian Sanqiang
Qian Sanqiang was born in Shaoxing, Zhejiang on October 16, 1913 in Huzhou, Zhejiang. His father was quite famous. He was Qian Xuantong, a famous philologist during the New Culture Movement. He had a very good relationship with Lu Xun. Qian Sanqiang is known as the "Father of the Atomic Bomb".
In September 1937, Qian Sanqiang studied in France. After the founding of New China, Qian Sanqiang returned to the embrace of his motherland. In 1955, after the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China made the strategic decision to develop an atomic bomb, Qian Sanqiang served as the director of the Institute of Atomic Energy and the deputy minister of the Second Ministry of Machinery Industry, and devoted himself to the leadership and coordination of the atomic energy industry. On October 16, 1964, the loud noise of China's first atomic bomb shocked the world.
On October 1, 1949, the People's Republic of China was proclaimed. The construction of New China urgently needs a large number of talents who understand science and technology.
The Chinese government has made every effort to mobilize scientists studying abroad to return to China and participate in the construction of the motherland. At that time, a large number of scientists including Qian Xuesen, Qian Weichang, Qian Sanqiang, Hua Luogeng, Guo Yonghuai, Zhu Guangya, Zhang Wenyu, Wang Xiji, Shi Changxu, etc. were eager to return home. They gave up their favorable treatment in foreign countries, broke through all kinds of resistance, and resolutely rushed to the motherland. embrace.
They dedicated their best time to the "poor and white" motherland. The Communist Party of China will never forget those scientists who broke through the resistance and returned to serve the country.
Reference materials: Baidu Encyclopedia - Liang Sili
Baidu Encyclopedia - Hua Luogeng
Baidu Encyclopedia - Zhu Guangya
Baidu Encyclopedia - Deng Jiaxian
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qian Xuesen
Baidu Encyclopedia-Qian Sanqiang