1. Enterprise efficiency comes from the difference between revenue and cost. Only by making profits can enterprises expand reproduction, have more funds for research and development, and develop a broader market. At a time when the downward pressure on the economy is still great and the real economy is facing greater difficulties, in order to promote the sustainable development of the real economy, it is necessary to reduce corporate costs.
If an enterprise wants to get out of trouble, in addition to relying on changes in the macroeconomic environment, what is more important is how to change the enterprise's living environment, that is, how to help enterprises reduce costs and increase efficiency, and help enterprises overcome operational problems. conflicts and problems. Once the operating environment of an enterprise changes and the enterprise gets out of trouble, it will in turn promote the improvement of the macroeconomic environment, thus forming a virtuous cycle.
It should be said that a lot of efforts have been made to improve the development environment for enterprises, such as introducing targeted monetary policies, tax reductions and exemptions for small and micro enterprises, and allowing enterprises to accelerate depreciation. However, due to too many problems that have accumulated over time, especially since the beginning of the 21st century, far from enough concern has been given to physical enterprises. On the contrary, various means have been used to increase the burden on enterprises and worsen the environment for enterprise development, such as a sharp rise in financing costs, high taxes and fees, and an excessive proportion of social insurance premiums, etc. Against the background of increasingly fierce market competition, Chinese enterprises currently face greater burdens and costs and lack market competitiveness. Therefore, reducing corporate costs must become an important part of economic work next year and achieve significant breakthroughs.
2. What is the composition of high costs for enterprises, which enterprises should be responsible, which ones can be solved by the market itself, which ones require external intervention, who should pay the most to reduce the burden on enterprises, etc. A list needs to be made. Find the "focus". Institutional transaction costs, various taxes and fees, social insurance premiums, financial costs, logistics costs, etc. constitute the high-cost pedigree of enterprises, among which the "five insurances and one housing fund", financial costs, and logistics costs are the most significant. The biggest factor currently plaguing enterprises is the payment of "five insurances and one housing fund", which accounts for almost half of an enterprise's production and operation costs. It puts many enterprises in a dilemma. It is illegal not to pay, but they are overwhelmed if they pay in full. Another example is logistics costs. For a long time, the logistics costs of Chinese enterprises have remained high. Data show that the proportion of enterprise logistics costs to sales is 20%-40% in my country and 9.5%-10% in developed countries.
When sorting out the high cost components of enterprises, some are corporate responsibilities, such as social insurance premiums; some are market choices, such as financial costs; some are related to the government, such as institutional transaction costs; and some fall at the intersection. Or between enterprises, or between enterprises and the government, such as financial costs, logistics costs, etc. For enterprises to "reduce costs", they need to clarify responsibilities from multiple parties and conduct governance through "single force advance" or "multiple arms cooperation".
3. First, we need to reduce institutional transaction costs. To reduce the institutional transaction costs of enterprises, it is necessary to effectively transform government functions, further streamline administration and delegate powers, loosen restrictions on enterprises, and shift to providing necessary and needed services for enterprises.
The second is to further rectify taxes and clear fees. The excessive corporate tax burden directly increases corporate costs. To reduce corporate costs, it is necessary to incorporate tax-related charge fund items into corresponding tax categories. Even if it is a tax that must be paid, the tax rate should be appropriately reduced.
The third is to appropriately reduce social insurance premiums. At present, the "five insurances and one housing fund" borne by enterprises in our country are roughly equivalent to 44% of the total wages of enterprise employees. The establishment of social insurance is the main symbol of the modern market economy, but it is necessary to consider both the interests of employees and the affordability of the enterprise, and a balance point needs to be found between the two. To reduce enterprise costs, it is necessary to appropriately reduce social insurance premiums, which can not only ensure employee welfare but also facilitate the sustainable development of enterprises.
The fourth is to reduce electricity prices. At present, the prices of coal, natural gas, and oil are generally low, and the power generation costs of power companies have also been reduced. By promoting the market-oriented reform of electricity prices, improving the coal and electricity price linkage mechanism, and appropriately reducing electricity prices will help promote the development of non-electricity entities.