First, there are several sources of "keeping righteousness and destroying human desires". First, "I am convinced that people who control world affairs are based on one heart, and the master of the heart has the difference between justice and human desire." Public and private evils are judged. Those who cover heaven and justice, the nature of the heart, follow it, and their hearts are just; The person you want is sick, selfish and evil. " ("Zhu Zi's Anthology He Yan Yan Za Er") Source 2: "Benevolence is rooted in people's hearts, and justice is also public; Li Xin was born in the contrast between things and me, and people want to be selfish. If you follow the principles of heaven, you will not seek benefits and have no disadvantages; If you want to kill others, you will not get benefits and harm yourself. " ("Four Books Notes Mencius") Source 3: "One person's heart, heaven exists, then people want to die; If people want to win, the sky will die. There is no mixture of nature and human desires. Scholars need to understand and inspect here. " "Scholars must do whatever they want and restore justice in order to learn." (Zhuzi School, Volume XIII)
Second, what does "justice" mean? What does "day" mean? What does "reason" mean? What does "justice" mean? Zhu said: "There are spring, summer, autumn and winter in the sky, fire and water in Jin Mu in the earth, and benevolence, courtesy and wisdom in people." [1] "The manager is organized and has both benevolence, righteousness, courtesy and wisdom." [2] "Everything is big and everything is small and raw, which is the principle of Tai Chi Yin and Yang." [2] "As for the smallness of every grass and tree, each has its own reasons." [3] "Between heaven and earth, there are rationality and spirit, rationality and metaphysics, and biology as the basis." [4] "Of course, everything in the world is rational." [5] "Everything in the world has its reason, and there must be its own style." [3] "The principle of the world is always repeated, so it is unchanged and inexhaustible. A constant, if it is not certain, can't be a constant. However, it is normal to change at any time. Heaven and earth have always been Tao, and the world has always been reason. Who can't know? " [6] "There is this reason, there is this world; If there is no such thing, there is no heaven and earth, no one has nothing, no load! If it is reasonable, it will be popular and develop everything. " [1] "Richard is just this one. The reason is the same, but the point is different. The monarch and ministers have the principle of monarch and ministers, and the father and son have the principle of father and son. " [2] "Li, just a Li. There is nothing wrong with lifting it. And if you say benevolence, you are all in benevolence; If you are sincere, you are all sincere; When it comes to loyalty and forgiveness, they are all loyalty and forgiveness; Words are faithful, but they are all faithful. For this reason, natural blood runs through. " [2]? In Zhu's philosophical thought, "natural justice" contains truth, law, order, norms and regulations, which is not only the truth of heaven, but also the truth of things and people. Heaven is the principle of nature, the common sense of all things, the primitive law of things, the order of society, and the truth and rationality of human beings. "The heart of heaven and earth, the principle of heaven and earth. Reason is truth? Heart is the master, but the so-called master is reason. Isn't it that there is a cause outside the heart and a heart outside the reason? I think that heaven and earth are unintentional, and benevolence is the heart of heaven and earth. " [1] "Benevolence is the public of the world, and goodness is also fundamental. Benevolent people are the righteousness of the world, and if they lose their righteousness, they will be chaotic and disharmonious. " [6] It can be seen that what Zhu hopes to keep is the kind heart of people. Everyone is benevolent. Kindness and compassion, self-interest and altruism, hence the name "human". People, ok. It is named "Man" because it is based on Confucian ethics and Buddhist thought. [7] People are human because they are kind. This is the "natural principle" that Zhu hopes to maintain. "Reason is a person whose character is equal to that of heaven." [8] "The benevolent takes all things in heaven and earth as one, not himself. Why don't you recognize yourself? " [6] "meaning" is the pursuit of harmony and unity between man and nature, man and society.
3. What do you mean by "exterminating human desires"? "Big and everything, small and raw, are all the principles of Tai Chi Yin and Yang." [2] "There are many laws of nature, and people's desires are also made in the laws of nature. Although it is human desire, there is a natural principle in human desire. " [9] Since "justice" includes "human desire", isn't destroying human desire destroying justice? Isn't this a contradiction? So what does Zhu want to destroy? Zhu's idea of "preserving justice" is to preserve the goodness of human nature. So what does he mean by "destroying people's desires"? Yuan Cai, a poet in the Song Dynasty, made it clear: "Diet is what people want, not what people want. If they want it, they will be greedy. " Men and women, what people want, but not without, if they don't care, it is rape and prostitution; Property is what people want, but they can't live without it. Unreasonable is a thief. If people only indulge in lust, then disputes will arise and prison proceedings will prevail? "[10] Diet is a natural desire of human beings and indispensable. If you pursue unreasonably, it is gluttony; Men's and women's affairs are people's instinctive desires, and they are indispensable. If you use unreasonable means to meet your needs, it is adultery; Property, which everyone wants, is indispensable. If you get property by illegal means, you become a thief. If people just want to indulge their desires, will they cause trouble and break the law? Mencius said, "Fish, what I want, bear's paw, what I want; "You can't have your cake and eat it. You can't have your cake and eat it." [1 1] Zhu also said: "Fish and bear's paw are delicious, and those with bear's paw are also delicious." [12] Fish, what I want is a reasonable desire, bear's paw, and what I want is also a reasonable desire. It is heaven to replace fish with bear's paw or a reasonable desire. "Dieters, justice also; Asking for delicious food, people want it. " [9] "You don't have to indulge in what you want, only what you want is desire." [13] A reasonable appetite is the law of nature, and excessive demand for delicacy is Zhu's "human desire". The Yellow Emperor said, "No sound, no color, no clothes, no fragrance, no taste and no room." [14] "It's only a matter of minutes." [9] "Everything has two ends: the bottom is natural justice, and the non-bottom is human lust. Everything must be judged to the extreme, that is, the expansion of efforts will see everything. " [9] "People have only one natural desire. If they win, they will retreat. If they win, they will retreat. There is no reason to remain neutral. If you don't advance, you will retreat. Mortals will retreat if they don't advance. " [9] "Heaven and man are always opposites." [9] Justice and human desire are relative. Normal and reasonable human desire is justice, and excessive and even evil human desire is what Zhu wants to destroy. The reason why people are human is because human nature is the heart of love, but people are also animals, so people are also animals, that is to say, people are sometimes animals. This beast has an evil heart. This is also the "human desire" that Zhu wants to destroy. Everything Zhu didn't want to destroy. "Desire to kill" can be summed up in one sentence, that is, self-denial and self-defense. "The mind is the origin of everything. A person's heart is right, and everything is right. If the heart is not right, nothing is right. There is an old saying: if the heart is printed like this, the publication will be engraved correctly, depending on where it is printed; If a publication is engraved with evil, it is evil everywhere it is printed. Therefore, the study of treating the heart is indispensable. " [15] "It is dangerous to be partial to others. Zhuangzi's so-called heat collection fire, which condenses ice, is also. " [15] "Scholars should always exercise restraint and not act recklessly." [16] "People can't resist resentment, only the benevolent can." [13] "If you are not carried away by material desires, you have no sense of justice." [9] "There is a natural peace, and no one wants to be in danger of drowning." [9] Righteousness and propriety are always winners, only depending on the ups and downs. This is the difference between a gentleman and a villain. The more you benefit from righteousness, the more rude you are. The man who disappeared is the Great Sage. "[13]" People who can control themselves are broad-minded and fat. I don't care, I don't care, I can still enjoy it. "[13] The difference between humans and animals is that humans can control their unreasonable desires. Isn't "lust for murder" killing sex, sexual desire, appetite and love? I have no intention of destroying people's dedication and ambition. Zhu's theory and thought are to encourage scholars to be enterprising and enterprising, and to persuade them to be "disciplined, knowledgeable, honest, upright and cultured", which is to "manage the family, govern the country and level the world". "Without dedication and ambition, how can we govern the country and level the world? This person's desire refers to people's selfish desires, distractions and evil thoughts. There are inherent shortcomings in human nature, such as greed, selfishness, hypocrisy and lewdness? These are all things that we should always remind ourselves to put an end to. Zhu hopes that scholars should have self-discipline and self-control, always self-discipline, restrain their excessive selfish desires, and become an excellent person who not only cares about himself, but thinks about more people. " Wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. "[17] This is the result of destroying human desire. The nature of human desire is that wealth is easy to be lewd, poverty is easy to move, and power is easy to bend. " Worry about the world first, and enjoy it later. "[18] This is also the result of eliminating people's desires. People's desire is "to be happy first, and then to worry about the world." "
4. What do you mean by "keeping righteousness and destroying human desires"? Mencius thought: "At the beginning of life, human nature is good." [1 1] Xunzi thought: "The beginning of life has its own side." [19] Zhu believes: "People are alive and there are good and evil points." [6] Zhu's "keeping righteousness" is what Mencius said about the goodness of life and is part of the goodness of human nature. Xunzi said that inherent vice and inherent vice were part of evil human nature. "Preserving righteousness and destroying human desires" belongs to the cultivation of mind. "Tian Li" is public, great goodness and human kindness. "Human desire" is private, a small evil and a sense of selfishness. "Preserving righteousness" means preserving goodness, pursuing justice and taking the right path. "Eliminating human desires" means eliminating evil, self-denial, self-cultivation and self-cultivation. Simply put, "preserving righteousness" means doing good, and "eliminating human desires" means eliminating evil. The popular understanding of Zhu's "keeping righteousness and destroying human desires" is to prevent the excessive expansion of personal desires and pursue the harmony and beauty of maintaining society, morality, political style and folk customs. Who is "Keeping the Righteousness and Eliminating Human Desire" addressed to? The first source is addressed to the emperor, and the second and third sources are addressed to scholars. "Preserving righteousness and destroying human desires" is not for ordinary people, nor does it belong to ordinary people and secular culture. Zhu's thought of "preserving justice and destroying human desires" is aimed at the upper ruling class and is determined to become an outstanding figure who knows the classics and understands. Are these people qualified to indulge in their own desires and forget justice? Confucian Neo-Confucianism is a philosophy that teaches people to be human. "Preserving justice and extinguishing human desires" means that the reader can be ignorant of things, cultivate his mind and become an outstanding person with both internal and external cultivation. "Preserving righteousness and destroying human desires" means cultivating self-cultivation and persuading people to be excellent people, noble people, great people and great people. "People are born with greed and desire. Make out if you want. Saints practice abstinence and abstinence, so they don't do love. " [16] "Sages say a thousand words only to teach people to manage tomorrow and destroy human desires." [16] "Preserving righteousness and destroying human desires" is a classic summary of Confucian philosophy of being a man in the Song and Ming Dynasties, and it is also a universal truth that conforms to the theories of a hundred schools. Zhu's "keeping justice in nature and destroying human desires" and Confucius' "self-denial and returning to benevolence" are both days of self-denial and returning to benevolence, and the world will return to benevolence. For benevolence, for yourself, for people? [20] Mencius said: "Those who desire are good, those who desire are heart-centered, those who enrich are beautiful, those who enrich and shine are great, those who magnify are sacred, and those who do not know are gods." [2 1] and Xunzi said, "Seeing good will save yourself. "If you don't look well, you must introspect." [22] and legalists say that "heaven and justice are far from relatives; If you waste the sky and do private things, then the mother and son will complain. " [23] and Mohist Mozi said, "Those who follow God's will, love each other and complement each other, will be rewarded; Those who go against God's will should not do evil or steal from each other, and they will be punished. " [24] Wait, is the connotation the same? Taoist Laozi said, "Heaven and earth are heartless, and everything is a grass dog; "Sages are ruthless and treat people like pigs." [25] "The saints are impermanent and take the people as their heart." [26] Mozi said that "the son of heaven is good, and heaven can be rewarded; Heaven is violent, and heaven can be punished. " [27] Zhu said to the emperor, "keep justice and destroy human desires", that is, he hoped that the emperor would be kind to the people and not treat them like pigs.
"Preserving justice and extinguishing human desires" is a classic summary of the essence of Chinese civilization?