Common in primary schools are: examples, figures, metaphors, classifications and comparisons. What is common in middle schools are: giving examples, enumerating numbers, analogy, classification, comparison, quotation, drawing charts, defining, explaining and imitating appearances.
"Hypothesis" is not commonly used in primary and junior high schools, but can only be learned in high schools and universities. Examples cite practical examples to illustrate things, so that the things to be explained are concrete and easy for readers to understand. This method of explanation is called example.
Benefits: Make the meaning of the article clearer and better understood by readers. In order to make the explanation more substantial and specific, we can quote some documents, poems, proverbs, famous sayings, etc., which can make the explanation more convincing.
Benefits: Make the article more convincing. Reflect the accuracy of explanatory language.
Quoting ancient poems: making expository writing more poetic. Contrast method is an explanatory method to compare two kinds of things and phenomena in the same or different categories to illustrate the characteristics of things.
Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.
When making a comparison, it can be a comparison of the same kind or a comparison of different kinds. Things can be compared horizontally or vertically. Benefits: Highlight the characteristics of the object.
In order to specify the things to be explained, you can also use the method of enumerating numbers to make readers understand. It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures must have reliable basis and be as approximate as possible.
Benefits: Explaining by enumerating figures can not only accurately and objectively reflect the facts, but also be very convincing. Classification is often difficult to explain the characteristics of things unilaterally. According to the similarities and differences in shape, nature, reason and function, things can be divided into several categories and then explained one by one according to the categories.
This method of explanation is called classification. Classification is an important way to explain complex things clearly. Sometimes it is necessary to explain the characteristics and essence of things from several aspects, which is also a classification.
Benefits: clear organization, clear at a glance. Metaphor uses the similarity between two different things to highlight the shape characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of interpretation. This is called analogy.
The explanation method of analogy in expository writing is consistent with metaphor and association in rhetoric. The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate.
Benefits: abstract things become concrete, vivid and vivid. In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called "Mimó".
Benefits: Make the object of explanation more vivid and specific. Defining the essential characteristics of a concept with concise language and scientific terms is called definition.
Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things. Benefits: It can make people understand abstract words more clearly when reading.
Interpret it from one side and make some general explanations about a certain feature of things. This method is called explanation. Benefits: It enables readers to understand and recognize abstract words more clearly when reading.
In order to explain very complicated things clearly, charts can be used to make up for the lack of words and explain something more directly. More specific.
Benefits: it's obvious. Clear organization.
Edit this paragraph for example: clouds can predict the weather. For example, in Xinjiang, the appearance of clouds means rain.
-"Looking at the Weather through Clouds" (giving corresponding examples in a large scale) For example, the bridge opening of a stone arch bridge is curved, just like a rainbow. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" can make the explained object vivid. )
Quotations: Zhang said in the Tang Dynasty that it was "made strangely, and people don't know why". -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (which can increase the persuasiveness of the article) Figures: Zhao Zhouqiao is very majestic, with a total length of 50.82 meters, a width of 9.6 meters at both ends, a slight narrowing in the middle and a width of 9 meters.
-"China Stone Arch Bridge" (accurately reflected) for comparison: When the Yongding River flooded, it was very powerful. In the past, the embankments on both sides of the river were often washed away, but this bridge has never had an accident, which shows its firmness. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (highlighting the characteristics of the object of explanation. )
Imitation: Some of these stone lions hold their mother and son, some whisper, some listen to the sound of water, and some look at pedestrians. They are so lifelike. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" (makes the explanation more concrete and vivid. )
Classification: According to the building materials and ornate decoration of screens, they can be divided into gold screens, silver screens, gold screens, painted screens, stone screens, wooden screens and bamboo screens. Therefore, there is a distinction between elegance and vulgarity in art, which also reveals the different economic and cultural levels of users. -"Say" screen "(let readers know the types of screens. )
Interpretation: There are two small arches on both sides of the big arch. This creative design not only saves stone and reduces the weight of the bridge, but also increases the water flow in the bridge hole and reduces the impact of flood on the bridge when the river surges.
At the same time, add an arch on the arch to make the bridge more beautiful. -"China Stone Arch Bridge" makes readers understand the ingenuity of this design. )
Definition: Overall planning method is a mathematical method to arrange the work process. -"overall planning method" (can accurately reveal the essence of things. )
Give points.
2. What are the explanation methods in the composition?
The function of this interpretation method is to make the object of interpretation concrete and easy for readers to understand.
Second, classification
The function of classification is to explain clearly.
Third, for example
Its main function is to make the explanatory object vivid and enhance the interest of the article.
Fourth, the number of columns
Its function is to make the explanation accurate and convince the readers.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) explanation
Explain the reasons and internal relations of the explained content.
Six for comparison
Comparison is used to highlight characteristics (status, influence, etc.). ) to explain the object.
Seven. definition
Its function is to scientifically and accurately explain the connotation of the object of interpretation and make the interpretation more rigorous.
Draw a chart
Drawing charts can make the explanation intuitive and vivid.
Nine, imitation
Imitation can make the explanation vivid and the article more readable.
3. What are the explanations in Chinese and what are the functions of common explanations?
Let me give you an example first: it is to make more complicated or abstract things concrete, clear and easy to understand by enumerating facts. The function of this interpretation method is to make the object of interpretation concrete and easy for readers to understand.
Second, classification: it is often difficult to explain the characteristics of things unilaterally. According to the similarities and differences of shapes, properties, causes and functions of things, things can be divided into several categories, and then explained one by one according to the categories. The function of classification is to explain clearly.
3. Metaphor: Using familiar things as metaphors can make the things being explained concrete and vivid, and help people understand the characteristics of the things being explained. Its main function is to make the explanatory object vivid and enhance the interest of the article.
Fourth, the number of columns: in order to quantitatively explain the characteristics of things, some numbers are often used to explain accurately and scientifically. Its function is to make the explanation accurate and convince the readers.
5. Interpretation: Interpretation is used to explain the reasons and internal relations of the explained content.
6. Comparison: To explain some abstract or unfamiliar things, compare them with concrete or familiar things. Outstanding features (status, influence, etc.). ) can enhance the effect of explaining things.
7. Definition: Its function is to scientifically and accurately explain the connotation of the explained object and make the explanation more rigorous. In order to highlight the main contents and problems of things, things are often defined in concise words, so that readers have a clear concept of the explained objects.
Draw a chart: Drawing a chart can make the content of the explanation intuitive and vivid.
Imitation is to describe the characteristics of an object in descriptive language. Imitation can make the explanation vivid and the article more readable.
4. How to write an explanatory text? What kind of expository articles cover a wide range, including popular science books, knowledge sketches, comments, instructions, etc. It integrates knowledge, science and practicality, and is an important aspect of modern text testing. The knowledge points of expository reading mainly include: understanding the characteristics of expository, accurately grasping the characteristics of explanatory objects and things to be explained; Clarify the explanation ideas and clarify the explanation order; Correctly judge the interpretation method and understand its function; Experience the accuracy of explaining language and understand the expressive function; Understand the expressive function of narrative, descriptive, lyrical and argumentative writing in explanatory writing; Personalized expression related to the content of the article. There are several ways to read the explanatory text: \x0d 1. Clearly explain the object and grasp its characteristics \x0d The so-called characteristics are the essential differences between one thing and other things. When reading the explanatory text, we should pay attention to finding out the characteristics of things according to the content of the article on the premise of clearly explaining the object. For example, in Mianyang in 2006, the exam question "Magic Cell" was like this. This paper is a "total-sub-total" structure, and the four paragraphs (2), (3), (4) and (5) in the middle explain a characteristic of cells respectively. By summarizing the general idea of these four paragraphs, we can get the answer to the question. \x0d To grasp the characteristics of the object of explanation, we can start from three aspects: (1) Look at the topic; (2) Look at the beginning of the paragraph; (3) Look at key words, such as general sentences, clauses, turning sentences, etc. Secondly, read the full text to get important information. Third, master certain generalization methods. The explanation center of a summary article generally revolves around three questions: (1). What is the full text about? (2) What are the characteristics of these things or things? (3) from what aspects to explain things or things? The generalized formula can be "interpretation center = interpretation object+feature". If there is a central sentence with explanatory characteristics in the text, it can be used directly. If an explanation divides the object into several parts to explain it separately, or lists the main points to explain the characteristics of an object, it is not allowed to generalize. \x0d description objects are usually divided into two categories: one is an article explaining physical things, which is called an article explaining things, such as the Great Hall of the People; One kind is an article that explains abstract things, which is called expository, such as the Dead Sea. To clarify the explanatory object of an article, we must first perceive the content of the article as a whole and find out what kind of explanatory article it belongs to, so as to basically determine the writing object of the article. \x0d In explanatory articles, the explanatory objects are often reflected in the title of the article, such as Suzhou Gardens and Chinese Stone Arch Bridges. \. X0d( 1) is defined. This is a way to explain the unique attributes of things in concise language. Explanatory articles that introduce scientific knowledge often use this method to enhance the scientificity and rigor of the article, and its function is to accurately explain the characteristics of things. \x0d(2) Give an example. When explaining things or things, give some accurate, appropriate and representative examples to turn strangeness into familiarity. Simplify complex things and explain things accurately, clearly and simply. Its main function is to make the explanation concrete. \x0d(3) classification. This is a method to divide the explained objects into several categories according to certain standards and explain them one by one. This method can make the content of the article clear and coherent. \x0d(4) column number. This is to explain things accurately with specific figures. Its function is to explain things or things accurately and strictly. \x0d(5) comparison. The biggest function of choosing things or things that have certain internal or external relations with the things to be explained is to make the characteristics of the objects to be explained more prominent and clear. \x0d(6) For example, this is a way to explain things by metaphor. The use of this method enhances the vividness and vividness of the explanatory text. This method is often used at the same time with description methods such as imitation. \x0d(7) Imitation is to describe the shape or characteristics of things in vivid language, and its main function is to make the explanation vivid. \x0d(8) Interpretation means to explain things or things that are explained in common language. \x0d four. Understanding the characteristics of expository writing \x0d Accuracy is the most important characteristic of expository writing. The accuracy of explanatory language is reflected in seeking truth from facts, and it is just right in quantity, scope, degree and order. The accuracy of explanatory language is mainly reflected in two aspects: (1) modification and the use of restrictive words, such as main, almost, approximate, general and one. In other words, what does this word mean? What's wrong with deleting it? (2) When choosing synonyms, pay attention to distinguish the nuances of synonyms. For example, can the words "not only" and "almost" added in paragraph 5 of the "mysterious motion constant" test of Weifang City in 2006 be deleted? Why? " This topic examines the understanding of expository writing in a specific context. For the analysis of expository texts, we should follow the principle that words cannot be separated from sentences and sentences cannot be separated from paragraphs. We should not only understand the expressive function of a word in a sentence, but also understand its special function in paragraphs and paragraphs, so as to understand the role of language accuracy in highlighting the characteristics of things. \x0d In short, we must first grasp the object of interpretation and its characteristics on the basis of overall perception; Then, while understanding the explanation content, grasp the explanation order and understand the explanation method; In the comparative analysis, we can understand the accuracy of the interpretation language. When answering specific questions, we should grasp the explanation content and order of the article by analyzing the paragraph level of the article. When analyzing the functions of interpretation methods and words, we should reflect the knowledge they explain.
5. What are the ways to explain the composition? First, give an example.
The function of this interpretation method is to make the object of interpretation concrete and easy for readers to understand.
Second, classification
The function of classification is to explain clearly.
Third, for example
Its main function is to make the explanatory object vivid and enhance the interest of the article.
Fourth, the number of columns
Its function is to make the explanation accurate and convince the readers.
Verb (abbreviation of verb) explanation
Explain the reasons and internal relations of the explained content.
Six for comparison
Comparison is used to highlight characteristics (status, influence, etc.). ) to explain the object.
Seven. definition
Its function is to scientifically and accurately explain the connotation of the object and make the explanation more rigorous.
Draw a chart
Drawing charts can make the explanation intuitive and vivid.
Nine, imitation
Imitation can make the explanation vivid and the article more readable.
6. What are the most common methods of expository writing? Examples, classification, comparison, explanation, analogy, imitation, definition, numbers, charts, quotations, etc. 10. We should choose the best method according to the characteristics of the explanatory object and the purpose of writing. The following are explained separately:
For example, 1. Use specific examples to explain the characteristics/reasons of things, so that the explanation is more specific and convincing.
2. classification. Explain the characteristics/reasons of things in different categories to make the explanation more organized.
3. Make a comparison. Compare _ _ _ _ _ _ and _ _ _ _ _, and highlight the characteristics/reasons of things.
4. Make an interpretation. Give a concrete explanation of the characteristics/reasons of things, so as to make the explanation easier to understand.
5. for example. Compare _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ to _ _ _ _ _ _ _, so as to vividly explain the characteristics/reasons of things.
6. imitate. A vivid description of the characteristics/events of things makes the explanation more specific.
7. Definition. Reveal the object/science with concise and scientific language, so as to reveal the characteristics/science of things more scientifically, essentially and generally.
8. Column number. Explain the characteristics/reasons of things with specific data to make the explanation more accurate and convincing.
9. Column chart. Explain the characteristics/reasons of things by listing charts, which makes the explanation more concise and intuitive.
10, refer to the description. There are several forms of quotation:
A, give specific examples: (the function is the same as the example)
B. Cite specific data: (figures in the same column)
C. quote famous sayings, aphorisms and proverbs. The function is to make the explanation more convincing.
D, citing myths and legends, news reports, riddles, anecdotes, etc. The function is to enhance the interest of the explanation.
(The reference description is at the beginning of the article, which also leads to the description object. )
Interpretation order: spatial order (also called factual order), chronological order (including development order) and logical order (also called logical order). There will also be a phenomenon that one order is used first in the explanation questions and other orders are used.
One word at a time. I hope it helps you.
7. Writing Skills Which writing skills belong to artistic expression techniques (that is, artistic techniques and expression techniques, as well as expression techniques (skills)), the common ones are: exaggeration, comparison, metaphor, personification, suspense, concern, association, imagination, combination of suppression and suppression, combination of point and surface, combination of narration and discussion, blending of scenes, comparison and contrast, paving the way, and expressing ambition.
Expression is common narration, description, lyricism, discussion and explanation. (In fact, it also belongs to artistic expression).
1, first-person narrative 2, third-person narrative 3, sequential narrative 4, flashback 5, inserted narrative 6, supplementary narrative 7, classified narrative 8, detailed narrative 9, sketch narrative 10, direct lyric 1 12. Narrative discussion method 15, taking things as clues 16, taking people as clues 17, taking ideological changes as clues 18, taking central events as clues 19, sketching method 20, rotating method 2 1, peeling bamboo shoots. 28. Representation of objects, 29. Self-narration of objects, 30. View of distance, 3 1 combination of inside and outside, sequential transformation 32, explanation and introduction 33, environment contrast 34, colored pen description 35, combination of distance and distance 36, time sequence transformation 37, growth and change 38, unfolding association 39, highlighting key points 40 and comparison 465438. Static sketch method 43, total score method 44, feature example method 45, feature interpretation method 46, emphasis method 47, growth and change method 48, experimental proof method 49, group description method 50, and on-site witness method. Common interpretation methods include giving examples, classifying, enumerating data, comparing, drawing charts, defining, explaining, analogy, imitating appearances, quoting materials and so on. We should choose the best method according to the characteristics of the explanatory object and the purpose of writing.
The following are explained separately. (1) example.
Cite practical examples to explain things, make the things to be explained specific and make readers understand. This interpretation method is called example method. Illustration in expository text and illustration in argumentative text can make the content concrete and enhance persuasiveness.
But there are differences between them. Examples in argumentative essays are used to prove points, while examples in expository essays are used to introduce knowledge.
To illustrate things or things through examples, we should pay attention to the representativeness and appropriateness of examples. (2) classification.
According to certain standards, the interpreted objects are divided into different categories and explained one by one. This method of explanation is called classification. Classification is an important way to clarify complex things.
When using classification methods, we should pay attention to the classification standards, and only one standard can be used at a time to avoid overlapping. In this way, only one standard is used for each classification, which is clear at a glance.
The characteristics and essence of some things need to be divided into several points or aspects, which also belongs to classification. Please note that by using the classification method, there should be no omissions in the listed categories.
(3) Column data. In order to make the things to be explained concrete, you can also use the method of column data to make readers understand.
It should be noted that the quoted figures must be accurate, and inaccurate figures must never be used. Even the estimated figures should have reliable basis and try to be approximate. (4) Make a comparison.
Explain that some abstract or unfamiliar things can be compared with concrete or familiar things, so that readers can get a concrete and vivid impression through comparison. The characteristics of things often appear in comparison.
When comparing, you can compare things in the same category, things in different categories, things can be compared horizontally or vertically. (5) draw a chart.
In order to explain complex things clearly, we can also use charts to make up for the lack of simple words and explain some things more directly and concretely. (6) definition.
Defining the essential characteristics of a concept in concise language is called definition. Definition can accurately reveal the essence of things and is a common method in scientific and technological discussion.
When defining, we can consider it from different angles according to the purpose of description. Some emphasize characteristics, such as the definition of "person"; Some emphasize functions, such as the definition of "fertilizer"; Some explain both characteristics and functions, such as the definition of "master planning method" and "applied science".
Man is an advanced animal, who can make tools and use them for labor. Fertilizer is a substance that can provide nutrients to make plants grow.
③ Overall planning method is a mathematical method to arrange the work process. Engineering technology, called applied science, is the knowledge of applying the basic theories of natural science to solve problems in production practice.
No matter from what angle, no matter in what way, as long as a definition is made, it is necessary to reveal the essence of things, and only such a definition is scientific. For example, someone said, "Man is an upright animal with two feet."
This definition is unscientific because it does not reveal the essence of things. "Man is an advanced animal that can make tools and use them for labor."
This is the definition of science, because it reveals the essence of human beings. (7) interpretation.
Explain some characteristics of things from one side. This method is called hermeneutics. Definition and explanation often adopt the language form of "what is so-and-so".
The form is the same, how to distinguish it? Generally speaking, the words on both sides of the word "yes" are interchangeable, which is the definition; If it is not interchangeable, it is interpretation. (8) For example.
Using the similarity between two different things to compare, highlight the characteristics of things and enhance the vividness and vividness of explanation is called analogy. The interpretation method of metaphor in explanatory text is consistent with that in rhetoric.
The difference is that there are similes, metaphors and metaphors in figurative rhetoric, while similes and metaphors are mostly used for description, while metaphors are inappropriate. (9) imitation.
In order to make the explained object more vivid and concrete, we can imitate the appearance, which is called imitation. (10) Investment attraction.