The improvement of the cultural content of teaching materials can not directly lead to the improvement of the cultural content of the classroom, nor can it lead to the improvement of children's cultural literacy, which requires paths and strategies. How to realize the deep integration of traditional culture and Chinese subject, how to improve the cultural connotation of Chinese teachers, and how to really improve Chinese literacy of Chinese teachers, we should grasp the gene of China culture-Chinese characters.
1. Chinese characters are the genes of Chinese culture.
apricot blossom, spring rain, Jiangnan. Six squares, maybe that piece of soil is in there. Whether Chixian, Shenzhou or China is changing, as long as Cang Xie's inspiration is immortal and beautiful Chinese is not old, the centripetal force of that image is bound to grow. Because a square character is a world. The world of China people, the world of the Chinese nation, and the world of generations of Chinese grandparents.
In the beginning, there were words, so the memory and hope of his ancestors were pinned on the heart of the Han nationality. For example, write a word "rain" out of thin air, dribs and drabs, torrential rain, and all the love and rain will be in it. What kind of visual beauty can rain or pluie satisfy? When you open a Ci Yuan or Ci Hai, Jin Mu is like fire and water, and each becomes the world. When you enter the "Rain" department, the ancient China is ever-changing, and you will notice that the beautiful frost, snow and clouds, terrible thunder and hail show nothing but God's good temper and bad temper, and the meteorological station never tires of reading an encyclopedia that is puzzling to laymen.
how to make Chinese characters the gene of China culture and the gene of culture?
Look at this text:
Autumn is coming
The weather is cold and the leaves are yellow. Leaves fell from the tree.
the sky is so blue and so high. A flock of geese fly south, one minute in a line of "people" and the other in a line of "one".
ah! Autumn is coming.
There are several new words after class: Zi, Ren, Da ...
How to teach the word "Da"? Part-edited textbooks appear in knowing, reading and writing. Generally, teachers teach it this way: the teacher writes the word "big" in Tian Zi Grille, and the trick is to write the word "big" horizontally, horizontally, vertically, horizontally, horizontally, vertically, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, vertically, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, vertically, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, vertically, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, vertically, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, horizontally, The river is in the center, and it is generous to stand on earth. Understand the meaning of words by combining words and expanding words, which is big, tall, adult and powerful. After writing, give an evaluation standard: I will evaluate: one is horizontal and oblique; Withdraw and stretch; The three strokes meet in the center.
I don't forget to guide students to develop good writing habits. I do it: when writing, I don't forget to have a posture. One inch and one foot, head straight, feet flat and waist straight. From the first time in grade one, I have developed a professional writing habit, making this habit an unconditional reflection.
this kind of teaching has been very solid, but this kind of teaching only stays at the technical level, and the technology teaching is very solid, and the teachers' teaching skills are also very skilled. Technology itself has no soul. And a technology without soul will go wrong sooner or later. Where is the soul of teaching Chinese characters? Look carefully at the four words in this lesson: "Si", "Zi", "Ren" and "Da" put together, which is a classification of meaning. Look at the seal characters of these four words:
"Ren" is a person standing on the side, and that's how the single side comes from.
"Da" is an adult standing in front, a person standing in front reads "Da", a person standing on the side reads "Man", a newborn baby reads "Zi", and a person (fetus) who is still in the mother's belly reads "Si", which reflects the process of human growth and change, and finally an adult must be a success. Why must an adult be an adult in the end? Look at how our ancestors made words. In the end, adults must be upright people standing in front of them, and adults with indomitable spirit. In the Genesis myth "Pangu Begins the Creation", Pangu is an adult. "Pangu opened the sky, the distance between heaven and earth is nine Wan Li, while Pangu grows ten feet, reaching four Vandory." This indomitable spirit of creating the world is enough for the last word "big". China's later adult learning was called "university", "the way of university is to be clear in virtue, to be close to the people and to stop at perfection", and Mencius called it a gentleman: "wealth can't be lewd, poverty can't be moved, and power can't be bent. This is called a gentleman." . This is culture. Can such a culture be integrated into our literacy teaching and become the cultural gene in our classroom?
Every Chinese character is a rich mine of culture! From the etymological point of view, from the etymological point of view, you can find our ancestors' understanding of the universe, the world, life and people themselves. This kind of understanding has flowed in the hearts of China people from generation to generation and has become a collective unconsciousness. In Jung's words, it is the collective personality of this nation. Such a collective personality is a kind of cultural heritage. Can our Chinese class today continue this context and make our Chinese class full of such cultural background and background? This is a problem that teaching must face up to and think about.
Second, the text is the entrance to the spiritual home
The most effective way to make children return to their spiritual hometown now is to fully discover and excavate the cultural background behind each text. There are four types of texts from the perspective of traditional culture: the first kind of ancient poetry; The second classical Chinese; The third classic; These three kinds account for one-third of the Chinese textbooks compiled by the Ministry, and two-thirds are modern vernacular Chinese, which is easily overlooked by us. We think that modern vernacular Chinese is not easy to inherit traditional culture, but it is actually wrong.
we should not only pay attention to the teaching of ancient poetry, classical Chinese and classical masterpieces, but also pay attention to the teaching of modern vernacular Chinese, which accounts for two thirds. We should explore the cultural connotation and taste of modern vernacular textbooks.
The first text "Autumn" in the first volume of Part I
The weather is cold and the leaves are yellow. Leaves fell from the tree.
the sky is so blue and so high. A flock of geese fly south, one minute in a line of "people" and the other in a line of "one".
ah! Autumn is coming.
The first text in Book One has a very rich cultural background in China. There is a very important intention of traditional culture-flying in the north and flying in the south is a cultural phenomenon, which is integrated into the spiritual structure of the Chinese nation from generation to generation. In Wang Shifu's "The West Chamber", "The sky is blue, the land is yellow, the west wind is tight, and the geese fly south in the north. Whoever gets drunk in the frost forest at dawn always leaves people with tears ... "When Yingying and Zhang Sheng parted, there must be a North Goose in Changting, which is due to culture. At the moment, the geese flying south are pinning their love for China people. This is something that people in other countries do not have.
In Lu You's poem, "Wild geese come out of the bleak battlefield and the moon comes out of in an infinite haze of cloud and sea." There must be wild geese, which render and contrast the tragic atmosphere of Xionghui. This is culture.
In Yan Shu's words, there is also a wild goose, "The wild goose is in the clouds and the fish is in the water, so it is hard to send it with sadness." At the moment, the wild goose is a cultural symbol. Hongyan passes books. It wants to pass books, and it is a love letter, a book of acacia. This is a unique phenomenon in China culture.
"The scenery in Qiu Lai is different, and Hengyang geese go unnoticed." Be sure to write about the wild goose, which expresses the homesickness of the soldiers guarding the border. This is a cultural phenomenon.
flying in the north and flying in the south must be more than just a natural phenomenon. Writing Chinese teacher, you must see the unique mood, aesthetic interest and cultural intention of China people behind this natural phenomenon.
can children in grade one accept this? Reevaluate children's cultural potential. Teachers should not only have cultural consciousness, but also have cultural innovation. Turn teachers' culture into curriculum resources consciously and creatively.
Start with children's life, and finally return to children's life itself. Legend has it that geese can deliver letters to people.
If your mother is away on business and you miss her, please ask geese to help you deliver letters to your mother. You can't use WeChat, qq, email, SMS, telephone, etc. You can only let geese deliver letters. What do you want to say to your mother? If mom receives your letter and wants to write back to you, she also wants the geese to send you the next letter. What will mom say to you in the letter?
The child may say it simply, but it will be very touching. The children may speak simply, but they must be sincere. Children can pass on their mother's thoughts with the help of geese, and they can also use empathy to pass on their mother's thoughts with the help of geese. When you come back to the text again, you deepen the link between the geese and this special mood through situational creation and repeated reading. With your love for your mother, a flock of geese fly south, one in a row, and the other in a row. A flock of geese fly south with your thoughts about your mother, one in a row, and the other in a row. With your concern for your mother, a flock of geese fly south, one in a row, and the other in a row.
The passage of children's moods and texts has been opened. At this moment, the wild goose is emotionalized and humanized, and the emotionalized and humanized wild goose is culture. With your concern for your mother, a flock of geese fly south, one in a row, and the other in a row.
Creative transformation requires teachers to have cultural consciousness. It is not the cultural connotation itself, but the creative transformation, which is the curriculum design. Curriculum design puts forward higher requirements for Chinese teachers. You should first discover the cultural phenomena in the text yourself.
defoliation is also a cultural phenomenon, and defoliation is a spiritual proposition, which is connected with a very sensitive emotion unique to our nation. Fallen leaves are associated with sadness; Fallen leaves are associated with impermanence; Fallen leaves are associated with sad autumn ... These are all cultures. With such cultural background and culture, Chinese class is a valuable Chinese class, a Chinese class that is not only at the technical level, but also a Chinese class with a soul.
The famous Italian writer Calvino mentioned twelve reasons for reading classics in his book Why to Read Classics. One of them is that classic works are books that come to us with the special atmosphere of previous explanations, dragging behind them the footprints they left when they passed through cultures or multiple cultures.
to open the door of classics is to open the door of culture.
Third, reconstruction is the paradigm of cultural integration
(1) Preferred content
There are three types of content in Chinese textbooks: one type of students can basically understand (teaching less and learning less or even not teaching or learning); The second kind of students can read the part (choose teaching and learning); Three types of students can hardly read (teach more and learn more). What students can't read must be classics.
reciting Laozi is better than reading thousands of children's books. -Pan Xinhe < P > Nowadays, children read many children's books with low cultural taste. Many books are rubbish, fragments of culture, and entertainment and consumption are paramount. Let the child's spirit become shallow rather than profound, let the child's spirit become impetuous rather than calm, and let the child's spirit become narrow rather than broad. If you don't understand the classics, let your children read more, Chinese teachers should teach more, and children should learn more.
(2) Classification and integration
It is best to form the main line of culture. This is a step to learn China culture.
Three Character Classics and Hundred Family Names, the basic elementary school of Grade One, teach students to read; Second-grade elementary school "Disciples Rules" and "Thousand Characters"; The third grade advanced Mongolian learning solves the writing problem "Li Weng Dui Yun"; In the middle of the fourth grade, students can read "University" and "The Doctrine of the Mean", and they can also read picture books. For example, "Seeds of Ann" is a very good enlightenment for "University"; The Analects of Confucius in the fifth grade; Sixth grade "Mencius"
(3) Concentrated study
Every subject unit should be studied intensively.
(4) Thematic inquiry
A good Chinese teacher should offer his own cultural courses.
(5) Professional leadership
For example, some teachers can't read the poem "Chanting Willow", so they read the poem blindly and tell the teachers what it looks like in the teaching reference: 1. Thousands of willows show the characteristics of willow, not only writing willow but also praising spring. 2. From "February spring breeze is like scissors", the poet praised "creative labor". 3. The poem from willow to willow and then to willow is not only coherent, but also highlights the key points. The reference is wrong, misleading, and unprofessional. At this time, you need professional guidance, and you need to read professional books, such as Mr. Sun Shaozhen's "Intensive Reading of Masterpieces". Only by improving one's professional quality can the cultural quality of Chinese classroom be effectively guaranteed.
Accumulation is the goal of deep integration
Where is the key to accumulation? Zhu Xi made it very clear:
"The method of reading. Read it carefully first. It must be looking at the back, left and right. I can see it, but I can't walk on it at the end, and I have to ponder it over and over again. "
"Generally speaking, if you read the text, you should read it less. First, you should not delve into it, but you should experience it over and over again. Second, you should bury your head in it, without asking for effect. Third, you should."
"You should read fewer books and be extremely familiar with them. One hundred words a day is only one hundred words; Two hundred words is just two hundred words. "
"study, do small courses, and exert great skills. If you can read 2 words, you can read only 1 words, but you have to work hard in 1 words, pay attention to the child carefully, and read and teach it well. "
"If you know it, you have to read it a hundred times more, so that you can speak loudly. Today's scholars are not familiar with this article, how can it be beneficial! "
For children, things of classic culture should be read over and over again, so that everything they say comes from ignorance and everything they mean comes from ignorance. Only by being familiar with the heart can culture take root. Culture can become the lowest thing in children's spiritual life. A child who grows up under such edification is a truly rooted China person. A China person with roots, he is confident, and has a global outlook. No matter where he goes, such a China person with roots will never forget his cultural identity-I am from China!
this is a Chinese dream, that is, "make a heart for heaven and earth, make a life for the people, carry forward the past and learn from the past, and create peace for all generations", which is a famous saying of everyone in the northern song dynasty. In the past, there was no way to realize such a Chinese dream. Now, we have ushered in the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation. Let's cheer for the cultural rejuvenation together!