(a) from Lei Fang, followed by Lei Fang, with the country name as the surname. According to Deng, a Song Dynasty man, in Dialectics of Ancient and Modern Surnames, Lei was named after an ancient warlord. According to legend, Lei Fangjia, the ninth grandson of Shennong, was sealed in Fangshan (in Songshan, north-central Henan Province) by the Yellow Emperor for his exploits, thus establishing a vassal state. His son and grandson took the country as their surname, that is, the surname was compound, and later they were divided into two branches, one surnamed Fang and the other surnamed Lei. The daughter that the Yellow Emperor married is the second princess. According to Historical Records of Five Emperors, "The Yellow Emperor lived in Xuanyuan Mountain and married the daughter of Xiling as Leizu. Lei Zu is the princess of the Yellow Emperor. " Sima Zhen introduced Huangfu Mi to Jin, saying: She is the daughter of Xiling, saying that she was born in Changyi because of her tired ancestors. The daughter of the second princess Lei Fang, named Fu Ri, gave birth to Qingyang. "In the twenty-sixth year of Yugong (45 13 BC), Ji Banghui, the chief of Xuanyuan family, pacified the quartet, forced Yugong to make way, officially proclaimed himself emperor, and made Zhuolu its capital, with the title of Yellow Emperor, known as Xuanyuan family in history. Lei Fang's contribution to the Yellow Emperor's pacification made him a vassal state. The Lei Fang family was an important country in the era of the Yellow Emperor. His son and grandson took the country name as their surname and Lei Fang's surname as their compound surname. Later, it was divided into two branches, one surnamed Fang and the other surnamed Lei.

(2) After being a tripterygium wilfordii, take the ancestral name as the surname. According to legend, there was a minister in the Yellow Emperor named Lei Gong, who was proficient in medical skills and was a famous doctor. He once discussed medical theory with the Yellow Emperor. "Su Wen Zhu Zhi Jiao Lun" said: "The Yellow Emperor sat in the hall and asked Lei Gong to ask him. According to Xingyuan, Lei is an ancient surname. Legend has it that there was a minister in the Yellow Emperor named Lei Gong, a famous doctor who was proficient in medical skills. He once discussed medical theory with the Yellow Emperor. " Yin has a favorite, that is. The base of the Yellow Emperor is mainly in Henan.

(3) change your surname to another country. According to the research of surnames, in the late Eastern Han Dynasty, Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, there were "Feishanren" and "Nan 'an Qiang" who changed their surnames to Lei. Most Lei people living in Qinghai and Gansu are Qiang people. For example, during the Sixteen Kingdoms period, the former Qin Sima Lei Xiaoer was A Qiang, a native of Nan 'an (now Longxi, Gansu). Most of the Lei family who migrated to the former State of Chu were "flying mountain people" from Nanjun. For example, in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lei Qian was the "mountain man" of Nanjun.

(4) There is a Lei among the ethnic minorities.

1. Jin Shi Jurchen Adian surnamed Lei.

2. Manchu Achilles, Han nationality surnamed Lei.

3. Jingpo nationality is Chun Lei, and Han nationality is Lei.

4. Buko, Jino nationality, whose Chinese surname is Lei.

5. Zhuang, Miao, Yi, Yao, Shui, Achang, She, Qiang, Tujia, Mongolian, Hui and other ethnic groups all have Lei surname.

Migration distribution

Lei surname is a typical ancient multi-ethnic surname. In addition to the Han nationality, there are also Lei surnames among ethnic minorities, such as Miao, Yao, Yi, Dong, She, Zhuang, Li and Buyi. However, the Lei surname of She nationality is the majority. Legend has it that her ancestor "Qi Long" made meritorious service in defending the country, and Gao Xindi gave it to Yincui gorge. Yincui gorge gave birth to three men and one woman: the eldest son "panzhuang" was named Pan, whose name was Zi Neng, and he was named "Hou Jianguo" in Nanyang County; The second son, Basket Bao, was named Lan, with a glorious name, and was awarded the title of "protecting the country" in runan county. The third son, "Leigong Yuntou was born well, and his surname was Lei when he took the pen", and he was named Juyou and "Wuqihou" in Fengyi County. Female name Shuyu, husband Zhong, was named Hou in Yingchuan County. The Ninghua County Museum has a picture of the ancestor of the idol, which is about 10 m long and 36 cm wide. Painted in the autumn of the 19th year of Jiaqing in Qing Dynasty (1, 8 14), Lei Fagui bought it. Originally a collection of Lei surnames of Lianliping She nationality in Zhiping Township, Ninghua County, it was handed over to the government by Zuokeng She nationality in the mid-1960s. In the form of a comic book, the scroll reflects the legend of the ancestors of the She nationality: she gave birth to a dragon dog, made meritorious service in defending the enemy, married the daughter of Emperor Gaoxin, and gave birth to the descendants of the She nationality. However, there are also some Lei genealogies of She nationality who hold different opinions. For example, Feng Yi's "Lei Family Tree" pointed out: "Why is there Pan Hu's madness ... so ignorant people can borrow money to criticize each other ... If you are afraid of waiting for a gentleman, you can see history. Why not?" Through the textual research of historical records, experts also come to different conclusions: Lei surname of She nationality appeared after Lei Gong, the minister of the Yellow Emperor (the debate on the family garden, the emperor's century, the words and deeds of famous people). Many Leiren in Qinghai and Gansu are Qiang people. Yao Lei's family is widely distributed in Guangxi, Hunan, Guangdong and other places. For example, Lingui and Lingchuan in Guangxi, Chengbu in Hunan, Boluo, Haifeng and Yunfu in Guangdong all have residents of Lei Yao.

Lei surname of Han nationality originated in Henan. In Zhou Xuanwang, Fang Shu, a descendant of Lei Fang family, was appointed as a doctor. He fought bravely and resourcefully, and was ordered to conquer Huaiyi in the north and Man Jing in the south. He has made outstanding contributions, and he is surpassed by posthumous title. Uncle Fang has two sons: the firstborn is Fang and the second is Lei. Zhou Pingwang and Lei Ming, due to the meritorious military service, worshipped LangZhongCheng, and later abandoned their official positions in Luoyang and Leizhou. Future generations take Lei Ming as their ancestor.

In the Han Dynasty, surnames gradually migrated to Chu-Han areas (today's Jiangxi, Hubei, Anhui, Sichuan and other places). In particular, Zhang Yu in the south of the Yangtze River (now Nanchang, Jiangxi) became the main settlement of Lei clan, which was called "Lei surnamed Wang Yuzhang" in history. In the later Han Dynasty, there was Ray, a Schleswig from Zhang Yu. "Once"? 6? "Monobiography 1" contains: "Ray, whose name is Zhong Gong, was born in Poyang, Zhang Yu. At the beginning of the county, everyone praised good people and did not cut merit. The righteous taste of helping others is sentenced to death, and the guilty person is thanked with two pounds of gold. The Yijing was not accepted, and the money owner was absent, so he silently invested his money in Chen Cheng. I got it after the house was renovated. With the owner dead, there is nothing to return. Righteousness is to pay the county magistrate. " This ray is not only clean, but also has the virtue of "getting out of the way". Ray and Chen Zhong in the same county are good friends. The satrap mentioned Chen Zun-xiao, and Chen Chong-yu paid attention to it, but the satrap refused. The secretariat used ray's talent and had to give it to him. If the secretariat doesn't listen, the fragile yang will be sent away, which should not be fatal. The village said, "Glue paint is better than Lei and Chen." In order to spread the virtues of their ancestors, Rey's descendants took "modesty" as their hall name.

During the Three Kingdoms, Liu Zhang had similarities. He defended Liu Beijun with Wu Yi and others, but surrendered after being surrounded. When defending Brazil, he fought bravely with General Zhang He of Wei, but was cut off by an ambush and was defeated and killed.

During the Eastern Han Dynasty, Lei moved to Ninghua, Fujian. According to Fujian's "Shanghang Lei Family Tree", in the Eastern Han Dynasty, he was a captain and moved from Xihepo in Nanchang County to Shibizhong City in Ninghua. In the Tang Dynasty, Schleswig was the secretariat of Yunzhou, and he led one of his nephews, Wheeler, to move to Ninghua. During the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period, Lei Shicong's ninth grandson (named Fu, No.100,000) moved from Ninghua to Qingliu County, and was Lei's ancestor. Later, Lei's second son, third son and fourth son Lei Cunyi moved back to Ninghua. During the Xuande period of the Ming Dynasty (1426- 1435), Lei Jiu, the twenty-first grandson of Lei Village, was moving from Shibi in Ninghua to Chongxia Village in Hangzhou. Lei Jiuzheng, also known as Ji Shao, was born in the 15th year of Hongwu in Ming Dynasty (1382). Lei Jiuzheng had six sons, among whom the eldest son Lei Kaixian was born in the first year of Yongle in Ming Dynasty (1403). Among Lei Kaixian's eight sons, the eldest son moved to Xikou Dayang Dam; Its descendants are Liancheng in Fujian, Bishan in Sichuan and Quzhou, Suichang and Longyou in Zhejiang. The third son moved to Sujiapo, Gutian, Fujian; Its descendants are Longyan, Wuping and Changting in Fujian, Ruijin, Wan 'an, Anyuan and Funing in Jiangxi, Longyou, Lanxi and Hua Kai in Zhejiang, Bishan and Taiwan Province in Sichuan. The fourth son lived in Shanghangchong, and his descendants moved to Du Yun, Wan 'an, Shangrao, Longquan, Wanquan, Wancheng, Huichang and Ningdu in Jiangxi, Pingyang, Taishun, Suichang, Huangyan and Wenzhou in Zhejiang, Hengshan in Hunan and Bishan in Sichuan. Liuzi moved to Daguicheng, Cai Xi and Shanghang, and then moved to Zengkeng and Xibei; Its descendants migrated to Wan 'an, Ruijin, Longquan, Zhejiang Longyou Dazhuwu and other places. The second son, the fifth son, the seventh son and the eighth son moved to Guangdong.

During the Western Jin Dynasty, the Lei family were familiar with the astronomical phenomena. Jin Shu? 6? 1 Zhang Huachuan: Seeing that there is always purple gas between the sky and the cows, Sikong Zhang Hua asked Lei Huan what was going on. Lei Huan said: "The essence of the sword is deep in the sky", located in Fengcheng, Zhang Yu. So Zhang Hua ordered Lei Huan to go to Fengcheng to look for the sword. After Lei Huan took office in Fengcheng, he dug out a stone letter in the foundation of Fengcheng Prison, which contained a double sword and was inscribed with an inscription. On the one hand, Longquan is written, and on the other hand, it is dazzling. That night, watching the bullfight again, the purple gas disappeared. Lei Huan gave Longquan to Zhang Hua, while Zhang Hua himself held Taiya. Later, when his son Lei crossed Yanping House and Yanping Tianjing with his sword, the sword suddenly jumped out of the water and was lost. He saw two dragons several feet long and left. Lei said: "Don't believe the propaganda words yet, and the words of Zhang Gong will eventually meet." Lei Huan's descendants were distributed in Fengcheng, Nanchang, Ji 'an, Ganzhou and other places in Jiangxi. Later, one of them moved to Fengyi (now Dali, Shaanxi) and became a famous family. Therefore, Fengyi has also become an important county of the Lei family. Lei's family is revered as the ancestor of Kaiji.

After the "Yongjia Rebellion" in the Western Jin Dynasty, the Lei family in the north also moved south and became an important part of the Hakka people.

Tang Anshi's rebellion, Lei Wanchun (? -757) used to be Zhang Xun's department, and led troops to the north with Nan Jiyun and others to fight against the rebels, and defeated Yang Chaozong at the north of Ningling, beheaded 20 rebels, killed more than 10,000 people, and defected to the enemy's body in Suiyang Canal, where water did not flow. Lei Wanchun defended Qiu Yong (now Qixian County, Henan Province) from Zhang Xun, and resisted An Lushan's army. He scored six arrows in the city and could not hold on. Later, he stayed in Suiyang (now Shangqiu, Henan Province) with Zhang Xun, unyielding and unyielding. The traitor Ling Huchao has been rampant in Suiyang for a long time, and the food in the city is exhausted. The soldiers are ill and can't fight. After the fall of the city, they were killed together with Zhang Xun. Tang Suzong posthumously awarded him as General Wei Lie. Lei Wanchun's heroic deeds against the enemy were praised. Fan Chengda, a poet in the Southern Song Dynasty, once wrote a poem "Lei Wanchun's Tomb": "The body of nine yuan has not been lost, and the words are full of vitality. If you want to know how loyal you are, dismount after the grave. " In the Tang Dynasty, several wars accelerated the southward migration of primitive people. Not only a surname, but also a surname. According to the Genealogy of the Lei Family in Fengyi written by the sister-in-law in Shicheng, Jiangxi Province, Lei was a country of ancient princes, whose ancestor lived in Fengyi County, Shaanxi Province. In 783, four years after the establishment of Tang Dezong, Gong Yan and Fuzhou secretariat moved to Zhang Yu to avoid chaos in Juba. Sun Fuguong was appointed as the secretariat of Hongzhou and moved to Baishuizhang, Fuzhou, and then moved to Ninghua. Sun, a native of China, moved to Xizikou, Shangli in the 11th year when Qing Bingzi was 1696. This is the Lei surname of She nationality. In the first year of Tang Guangqi (885), Wang Xu led thousands of people to cross the river in Gwangju and Gushi, Henan. In the first year of Jingfu (892), Quanzhou Wang Chao and his men "attacked Fuzhou, and the people invited them to lose their troops. Pinghu Cave and coastal barbarians used warships to help them. " (Zi Jian) This Pinghu cave and coastal barbarians include the ancestors of the She nationality. Feng Yilei's genealogy records in Tianluoyuan She Village, Gantang Town, Fu 'an, Fujian Province: "In the second year of Tang Guangqi, Pan, Lan, Lei, Zhong and Li * * * 36 1 people entered Fujian as township officials, landed in Lianjiang and moved to Luoyuanba.

By the Song Dynasty, the Lei clan had spread all over Inner Mongolia, Guangdong, Shaanxi, Sichuan, Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangxi, Shanxi and other places. Among them, the Lei people who migrated to Jiangnan and Lingnan were integrated into Miao, Yao, Yi, Dong, She, Zhuang, Li, Buyi and other ethnic minorities. Lei became the most popular surname among Yao and She nationalities. Especially in Lingui, Lingchuan and other places in Hunan, there are many Lei surnames of Yao people, and most of them respect Lei Yuanxiang as their father.

Fujian, Shanxi and other places were the most prosperous places in the Yuan Dynasty. Shanxi Hunyuan is famous for its selflessness, integrity and credibility. Yuan Lei (1184-1231year) was born in Hunyuan, Yingzhou (now Hunyuan, Shanxi). He was a scholar in the first year of Ning (12 13) and was an official governor. He impeached the powerful. He was once called "Lei Banqian" in "Killing 500 Corrupt Officials Cai Zhou with a Stick", which was later compiled by the official Hanlin. At the same time, Lei Zifu (1277- 1374) whose ancestral home was Pingyang, Shanxi, was named Wu Qin. Due to the rebellion in the Yuan Dynasty, he entered Fujian with his brother and lived in Liu Qing and Ninghua respectively. Zifu fell in love with the victory of Hangzhou landscape, moved to Shuixidu, Huangshakou and Nangang in the attached city of Shanghang, and then settled in the city. His descendants moved to Wuping, Changting, Yong 'an, Shaowu, Pingtan, Ninghua Quanshang, Xiamen, Taiwan Province and other places in Fujian. In Jian 'an, Fujian (now Jian 'ou City), Lei was also famous for some time. Lei Ji (1294- 135 1 year) was a famous Yi-ology scholar. His father is ruddy, and his younger brothers, Lei Gong and Lei Hang, are famous for their intensive study and easy learning, and are praised by scholars as "Lei Men Yi".

During the Hongwu period of Ming Dynasty, during the great migration of Sophora japonica in Hongdong, Shanxi, Lei, as one of the migrants, moved to Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Shaanxi, Gansu, Hubei, Hunan and other places. Up to now, the ancestral tablets of Lei's immigrants are still enshrined in the cabinet of Hongdong Dahuashu Rooting Ancestor Garden 10 Ancestor Hall for the descendants of Lei's immigrants to worship.

In the Qing Dynasty, the Lei family in Jianchang, Jiangxi Province was famous for its architecture. In the 22nd year of Kangxi (1683), Lei Fada and his cousin Lei went to the imperial court as southern craftsmen. Lei Fada was born in Jianchang County (now Yongxiu County), nankang region City, Jiangxi Province. It is said that ancestors also received a good education and had a high official position. Later, one of the descendants fell in love with the construction industry and turned to architecture. In the Ming Dynasty, Lei's descendants moved to Jiangning (now Nanjing), the imperial capital, to build palaces and temples for the Ming Dynasty. Zhu Qiqian's "Sample Leikao" contains: "In the middle of Kangxi, three halls were built (namely, the Hall of Supreme Harmony, the Hall of Zhonghe and the Hall of Baohe in the Forbidden City), and southern craftsmen were developed to serve them. Therefore, there is an old rumor that there is a lack of big wood in the Hall of Supreme Harmony, and the nanmu beam of the Ming Tombs was hastily removed for use. On the bright day, the Holy Father (Kangxi) personally saluted. Jin Liang held up, mortise and tenon hung, and the Ministry of Industry looked at the officials in surprise and panic. Our company has developed a crown suit, the sleeves and axe are raised, and the axe has tenons. Li Cheng was overjoyed and set up a long class face to face with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology. People say,' there is a Lu ban on the top and a Long ban on the bottom: obey orders, and the golden palace will be sealed.' "But some people think that it is not Lei Fada, but his eldest son Lei Jinyu. At the beginning of the fourth year of Tongzhi (1865), Lei Jinyu's great-great-grandson Lei rebuilt Lei's ancestral hall in Haidian, Beijing, and erected a monument in memory of Lei Jinyu, the ancestor of Style Lei family who moved to Beijing. Lei wrote in Lei Jinyu's inscription: "My great grandfather was born in Shunzhi (1659) and died in Yongzheng (1729) at the age of 71. When building Haidian Garden in Kangxi period, my great-grandfather took an examination of Nanmu for this project. Because the beam on the main hall was rewarded by the emperor, he was summoned to fight to the right. Meng Qin slapped the Prime Minister of the Ministry of Internal Affairs, rewarded seven officials and received seven salaries. " Whether Lei Fada or Lei Jinyu, Jia Lei has been building royal buildings on behalf of craftsmen for a long time, and has designed and built a large number of royal buildings, which is called "Style Lei". Therefore, the Lafada family is particularly honored.

In the early Qing Dynasty, many Lei clan members migrated to Taiwan Province Province and overseas.

Today, Leishi is widely distributed in China with a large population. China's surname ranks 88th, accounting for 0.22% of the Han population in China. Its main counties are "Zhang Yu" and "Fengyi". The main church numbers are "Qiantang", "Fengyitang" and "Yigutang". The distribution of Lei surname is most concentrated in Sichuan, Hubei and Shaanxi provinces. Lei surname in the three provinces accounts for about 53% of the Han population in China.