Modern literary and art groups. Referred to as "Left Alliance". The controversy over revolutionary literature from 1928 to 1929 spread Marxist literary theory and improved the ideological and theoretical level of revolutionary writers. Through arguments, the views of all parties gradually approached, and advocating and developing proletarian literature (abbreviated as "Proli Talia" in English, meaning "proletariat") became their * * * requirement. The attack of bourgeois writers and artists on revolutionary literature, on the one hand, makes revolutionary writers realize that they must unite to carry out effective literary and ideological struggles; The successive establishment of Lapp in the Soviet Union (full name "Russian Federation of Proletarian Writers"), Napu in Japan (full name "All-Japan Federation of Proletarian Art") and the International Revolutionary Literature Bureau also promoted the union of revolutionary writers in China. The development of revolutionary literature and art movement and the weaknesses exposed due to the controversy attracted The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China (CCCPC)'s attention, strengthened his leadership over literature and art work, and helped revolutionary writers form joint groups.
The inaugural meeting of the Chinese Left-wing Writers' Union was held in China University of the Arts on March 2nd. Feng Naichao, Hua Han (Yang Hansheng), Gong, Xiao Xiao, Qiu Yunduo, Shen Duanxian (), Pan Hannian, Zhou Quanping, Hong, Dai, Qian Xingyu (), Lu Xun, Studio (), Huang, Zheng Boqi, Tian Han and Jiang Guangci. The original allies were more than 50 people. The Congress adopted the left-wing theoretical program and action program, and elected Shen Duanxian, Feng Naichao, Lu Xun, Tian Han, Zheng, Hong as the standing committee members, and Zhou Quanping as the alternate members. Lu Xun delivered a speech entitled "Views on the League of Left-wing Writers" at the meeting, emphasizing that revolutionary writers must struggle with the actual society. He put forward four opinions on the work of the Left League: "The struggle between the old society and the old forces must be firm and lasting, and attention should be paid to strength"; "The front should be expanded"; "A large number of new fighters should be created"; "The United front is based on the same purpose of * * * as a necessary condition. ..... If the purpose is the workers and peasants, then the front will of course be unified. "
As soon as the Left League was established, it was immediately destroyed and suppressed by the Kuomintang government, such as banning the Left League organization, wanted its members, issuing various laws and regulations, closing bookstores, banning publications and books, checking manuscripts, arresting and torturing, secretly killing revolutionary writers and artists, and so on. Accustomed to being called "Five Martyrs of the Left-wing League" (Li Qiushi, a left-wing cultural worker, not a member of the League), Rou Shi, Hu Yepin, Yin Fu and Feng Keng were secretly killed by the Kuomintang's Shanghai Longhua garrison headquarters on February 7th. 193 1. However, the left-wing alliance is still fighting tenaciously. In addition to the Shanghai General League, the Beijing Left League (also known as the North Left League), the Tokyo League, Tianjin Branch, and regional organizations such as Baoding League, Guangzhou League, Nanjing League and Wuhan League were also established. The members of the Left League are not limited to cultural workers, but also extended to teachers, students and workers, with a total of hundreds of members.
The leading body of the Left-wing Writers' Association was originally the Standing Committee, later renamed the Executive Committee (or both), with a secretariat and an administrative secretary to take charge of daily work. It consists of Organization Department, Propaganda Department, Editorial Department, Publishing Department, Creative Criticism Committee, Popular Literature and Art Committee and International Liaison Committee. In addition to the Standing Committee members elected by the inaugural meeting, there are Mao Dun, Rou Shi, Ding Ling, Hu Feng, Yi Qun, Ren,, He Jiahuai and Lin Tianqiu. In the left-wing alliance, there is a "party group" organized by China * * *, and Pan Hannian, Feng Naichao, Yang Hansheng, Ding Ling, Zhou Yang and Dai successively served as party secretary. Organizationally, the leftist writers' association accepts the leadership of the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Cultural Work Committee (hereinafter referred to as the "Cultural Affairs Committee").
The left-wing writers' association has established contact with the international proletarian literary movement. 1930+065438+ 10, the left-wing writers' association sent Xiao San as a representative to attend the second international revolutionary writers' representative meeting held in Kharkov, Soviet Union. The League of Chinese Left-wing Writers joined the International League of Revolutionary Writers and became a branch of its China branch.
The official publications founded by the Leftist League successively include Germination Monthly, Pioneer (the second issue was taken over), Baldi Mountain, World Culture, Sentinel (renamed Literary Herald from the second issue), Beidou, Crossroads, Literature, Literary Popular and Literary Monthly. Secretly publishing the news and literary life of the Secretariat; He also presides over the Weekly Literature magazine in Guangqing, which is a supplement to current affairs news. In addition, there is a peripheral publication, Literary News. The publications of Beijing Left Alliance include Literature Magazine and Literature Monthly. The Tokyo Alliance includes Dongxi, New Poetry and Essay (later renamed Quality Essay). The publications edited by the League members in their own names include Unknown Literature and Art (Ye Zi and Chen Qixia), Literature and Art (Zhou Wen and Liu Dan), Spring (Zhuang Qidong and Chen Junzhi), Trend (Nie Gannu), Translation (Lu Xun, later Huang Yuan) and Taibai (Taibai). The Chinese Poetry Society led by the Leftist League has a publication "New Poetry".
The Left-wing Writers' League guides its practice with Marxist literary theory. Lu Xun, Qu Qiubai, Feng Xuefeng and others have done a lot of translation and introduction work in propagating Marxist literary theory. From the beginning, the left-wing alliance attached importance to theoretical criticism, and its members used Marxist theory as a weapon to criticize bourgeois literary views such as "Crescent School", "Nationalist Literature Movement", "Free Man", "Third Person" and "Debate School". Criticized and struggled against the reactionary literary and artistic policies of the Kuomintang authorities. They attach great importance to the popularization of literature and art, and have published articles in Popular Literature, Pioneer, Literature Guide, Beidou, Literature, Literature Monthly and other newspapers and periodicals, and launched a heated discussion, forming a very strong literary popularization movement.
The left-wing literary movement led by the left-wing alliance has made great achievements in creation. Revolutionary writers have published a large number of works in the journals of the Left Alliance and other progressive journals, including Lu Xun's New Stories and his prose with Qu Qiubai, Mao Dun's Midnight, Lin Jiapu and Spring Silkworm, Jiang Guangci's Roaring Land, novels by Ding Ling, Zhang Tianyi and Ye Zi, plays by Tian Han, Hong Shen and Xia Yan, and poems by poets of China Poetry Society. Under the cultivation of left-wing writers, new literary figures such as Sha Ting, Ai Wu, Ye Zi, Zhou Wen, Jiang Muliang, Ai Qing, Pu Feng, Nie Gannu and Xu Maoyong have emerged. They brought many energetic works to the literary world and became an active force in the literary world in the 1930s. The great achievements in creation also lie in the emergence of many new themes and themes of great social significance. The heroic struggle of revolutionaries under the white terror and the fierce resistance of workers to capitalist exploitation have become the contents described in many works. The theme of rural life and struggle has also entered the creative vision of many writers. Many works reflect the scene of poverty and bankruptcy in rural areas with real and vivid artistic pictures, and show the awakening and struggle of farmers. In addition, the turbulent city life in 1930s was truly and intensively reflected in literary works. All these works reflect a strong and distinct color of the times.
Due to the influence of the left-leaning line in China's * * * production party at that time, the left-wing writers' association had a wrong tendency of dogmatism and sectarianism in their work. Reflected in the creation, many works have a strong petty bourgeoisie. Some works also have the weakness of formulation and conceptualization. In this regard, Mr. Lu Xun once made a pertinent and practical criticism. 1in the spring of 936, in order to adapt to the new situation of the Anti-Japanese National Salvation Movement, the Left League dissolved itself.
Under the cruel oppression of the Kuomintang government, the Left League fought tenaciously for six years, smashed the cultural "encirclement and suppression" of the Kuomintang authorities, and effectively cooperated with the military struggle against "encirclement and suppression" in the Central Soviet Area. The Left-wing League has trained a strong revolutionary literary team and prepared a group of key talents for the people's literary and artistic undertakings during the War of Resistance against Japanese Aggression period, the War of Liberation and even after the founding of the People's Republic of China. The Left League has made outstanding contributions to the building of the people's revolutionary literature and art.
At the beginning of 1936, it was dissolved in order to establish an anti-Japanese national United front in the literary and art circles.