1, it turns out
Fact argument, also called case argument, is an argument method from material to viewpoint and from individual to general, and it is a form of reasoning that induces a common conclusion from the analysis and research of many individual things. Using this method, it is generally divided into two parts, that is, directly putting forward the topic, then demonstrating the argument layer by layer with materials around the topic, and finally summing up the conclusion.
2. Reasoning and argumentation
Reasoning, using the method of reasoning, proves the point of view with the incisive opinions in classic works, famous sayings from ancient and modern Chinese and foreign celebrities and recognized scientific principles, theorems and formulas. For example, the tenth paragraph of Talking about Reading (Book 9 of People's Education Edition) lists the functions of six kinds of scientific knowledge: "Reading history makes people wise, reading poetry makes people wise, calculus makes people precise, philosophy makes people think deeply, ethics makes people think, and logical rhetoric makes people articulate", and it is concluded that "knowledge can shape people's character".
3. Comparative demonstration
Comparative argument is an individual-to-individual argument method. Usually divided into two categories: one is analogy and the other is comparison. Analogy argument is based on the similarity or similarity of two objects in some attributes, and infers that they are the same or similar in other attributes. Comparative argument. Contrastive argument is a different way of thinking, which focuses on revealing the essence of the argument that needs to be demonstrated from the contrast of opposite or different attributes of things.
4. Metaphorical argument
Metaphor argument is to demonstrate with metaphor, and to demonstrate the truth of the compared person (topic) with the truth of metaphor. In the figurative argument, the figurative person is a set of vivid examples, which contain certain relations and truths, while the figurative person is an abstract truth. Although the figurative person and the figurative person are two different things, there is a common general principle between them, so there is a reasoning relationship between them. Metaphorical argument is a way to demonstrate fables (topics) with fables as arguments.
5. Causality argument
Causality proves that there is a universal connection between various phenomena in nature and society, and causality is one of the manifestations of universal connection between phenomena. Causality is a universal and inevitable connection, and there is no phenomenon that is not caused by some reason; When the cause and all necessary conditions exist, the result will inevitably happen. The so-called reason refers to the phenomenon that produces a certain phenomenon and precedes a certain phenomenon; The so-called result refers to the result of cause.