"On the Passage of the Qin Dynasty": As the first emperor, he mobilized the remaining heroes of the sixth generation, vigorously promoted the strategy and controlled the inner world, swallowed up the princes for two weeks, and acted as the supreme to control the Liuhe.
This famous saying by Jia Yi, a famous political commentator in the early Han Dynasty, in "On the Passage of Qin" told the world that the Qin State unified the world. In addition to Qin Shihuang, there were also the efforts of six generations. These six generations They are: Duke Xiao of Qin, King Huiwen of Qin, King Wu of Qin, King Zhaoxiang of Qin, King Xiaowen of Qin, and King Zhuangxiang of Qin.
Among them, Qin Xiaogong reigned for 24 years, King Qin Huiwen reigned for 27 years, King Qin Wu reigned for 3 years, King Qin Zhaoxiang reigned for 55 years, King Qin Xiaowen reigned for 2 days, and King Qin Zhuangxiang reigned. Three years, in terms of reign, King Qin Xiaowen was the shortest, and it was extremely short. Is there any conspiracy in this?
In fact, strictly speaking, King Qin Xiaowen reigned for more than three days, because after the death of his father, King Qin Zhaoxiang, King Qin Xiaowen observed mourning for his father for one year. In total, his reign was One year and three days later, he was one of the few Qin kings in the history of Qin who stayed filial piety for his father for a year, so his posthumous title was "Xiaowen" and he was considered a filial son.
During the year when King Qin Xiaowen observed filial piety, although he did not officially ascend the throne as King of Qin, he was actually the King of Qin. He was in charge of the entire Qin State. According to historical records, King Qin Xiaowen was mainly responsible for Four things were done:
1. Pardon the prisoner. 2. Give preferential treatment to meritorious officials. 3. Give generous gifts to the clan. 4. Open hunting areas.
Pardoning prisoners is a common method used by new kings when they ascend the throne. Preferential treatment to meritorious officials and generous gifts to the clan are methods to win over the Qin nobles and upper-class forces. Strengthening rule and opening hunting grounds are ways to restore forests to the people. This is kindness. The behavior of the people, so judging from these records, King Qin Xiaowen can be regarded as a benevolent king, and King Qin Xiaowen did not launch a foreign war during his reign. Perhaps it was because it was not appropriate to use troops during his filial piety, or perhaps it was during his reign. Too short for military use.
In addition, during his reign, King Qin Xiaowen also did a very important event that affected subsequent history, which was to canonize Mrs. Huayang as the queen, canonize Ying Zichu as the eldest son, and make The prince of Qin, precisely because Zi Chu was established as the prince, so Zi Chu's son Ying Zheng became the later King of Qin, and Ying Zheng was also the King of Qin who unified the world.
The time when King Qin Xiaowen canonized Zi Chu as the crown prince was in 251 BC, that is, after the death of King Qin Zhaoxiang. This was all planned by Lu Buwei, a Weiguo businessman. Chu, the young master of Qin who was a hostage in Zhao, overturned the status of the legitimate son and heir of the King of Qin, and his tactics were monstrous.
Since Lu Buwei’s methods are too powerful, some people suspect that the death of King Qin Xiaowen is related to Lu Buwei. The purpose is to push Ying Zichu to the throne of Qin King faster. If Ying Zichu can become the King of Qin, then Lu Buwei could become the prime minister of Qin faster and realize his original dream. If we extrapolate from the purpose, if King Qin Xiaowen died early, the biggest beneficiaries would indeed be Ying Zichu and Lu Buwei. However, Lu Buwei does not have such ability and possibility. , can kill King Qin Xiaowen.
Lü Buwei was able to push Zi Chu to the position of successor to the King of Qin, which was based on the logic of political interests. The prerequisite for Lu Buwei's success was that the King of Qin did not have a legitimate wife or legitimate son. The second condition for Lu Buwei's success is that King Qin Xiaowen dotes on Mrs. Huayang, but Mrs. Huayang has no son.
Without the existence of these two conditions, or the lack of one condition, Lu Buwei would not be able to succeed. At the same time, Lu Buwei formed a political alliance with Mrs. Huayang. Mrs. Huayang had no son, and she wanted to keep her queen. In order to maintain his position, he must have a son. Lu Buwei appropriately gave Zi Chu to Mrs. Huayang as a son. This greatly inspired Mrs. Huayang to persuade King Qin Xiaowen to make Zi Chu his heir in order to keep her position.
From Mrs. Huayang’s point of view, she is not helping Zichu, but helping herself. This is the reason why Mrs. Huayang is very motivated, and it is also the key to Lu Buwei’s success. Lu Buwei is not a powerful man, he is He has great vision, but during the reign of King Qin Xiaowen, Lu Buwei did not have any prerequisites to dare to assassinate or poison King Qin Xiaowen. King Qin Xiaowen just had a short lifespan, which did not mean that he was not a wise master.
In fact, judging from the deeds of King Qin Xiaowen during his reign, pardoning prisoners, giving preferential treatment to meritorious officials, generous gifts to the clan, and opening hunting grounds are all things that a wise king can do, even if Lu Buwei has the heart, the courage, and the ability. Although Mrs. Huayang recognized Zi Chu as her son, Zi Chu has no power or influence at this time. Lu Buwei is just a businessman and has no formal official position. How could they have the ability to murder King Qin Xiaowen? They are not even familiar with the Qin court.
So King Qin Xiaowen could not have been murdered by Lu Buwei, Zi Chu and others. It could only be his own problem. So the question is, how did King Qin Xiaowen die?
Regarding the deeds of King Xiaowen of Qin, there is only one paragraph in the history books, with 41 words in one sentence: "Historical Records of Qin": In the first year of King Xiaowen, he pardoned sinners, repaired the heroes of the previous king, praised relatives, and Chi Yuan confinement. After the funeral of King Xiaowen, Jihai came to the throne in the tenth month. Xin Chou died on the third day, and King Zhuang Xiang was established.
As the king of Qin, it was impossible to be killed or murdered. There was no record of political unrest at that time. The only possibility was that he died of normal death or illness. King Qin Xiaowen was born in 301 BC. He died in 250 BC, and lived for 52 years in fictitious years. At that time, this age was already beyond the life span of most people.
Let’s talk about King Qin Xiaowen’s father, King Qin Zhaoxiang. He was a very long-lived man and lived for 75 years. However, King Qin Xiaowen did not inherit his father’s longevity gene. King Qin Zhaoxiang’s prince was originally Qin Xiaowen. The king's elder brother, Gongzi Du, died in Wei in 267 BC. After that, King Qin Zhaoxiang appointed Ying Zhu, who was still the king of An Guo at that time, as the crown prince. This was the future King Qin Xiaowen. The son's lifespan could not survive his father's. If King Qin Zhaoxiang lived one year and three days longer, history would have been rewritten again.
An Guojun Yingzhu was established as the prince in 265 BC. He was 37 years old that year, and then he was the prince for 14 years before his father died. At this time, the princes were all old. He is already 51 years old. In the Warring States period when the average life span was less than 30 years old, King Qin Zhaoxiang's lifespan was simply a miracle, while King Qin Xiaowen's life span of 52 years was considered sufficient.
Although King Qin Xiaowen did not outlive his father, he lived longer than his eldest brother, Gong Ziyi, and longer than his son, King Zhuangxiang of Qin, Ying Zichu, who only lived 35 years old. , lived longer than his grandson Qin Shihuang, who only lived 50 years old, so King Qin Xiaowen died of normal death or illness.
Think about an heir who has become a prince until he is over 50 years old and is almost at the end of his life. You can imagine the anxiety and depression. Unless his father dies, he will not be able to take over. Unable to hold power, when King Qin Xiaowen was the prince, he had nothing to do except keep giving birth to sons. After all, all the political affairs of the Qin State were in the hands of his father, so King Qin Xiaowen had more than 20 sons in his life. son.
Therefore, some people say that he died of drunkenness and sexual injury. This is incorrect. Then Cao Cao spent his whole life fighting in the east and west. He did not have more than 20 sons. This was just because of his strong fertility and not It cannot be said that his drinking and sex were harmful to his health, so King Qin Xiaowen died at the end of his lifespan, or died of illness. These are the only two possibilities.