Bernhardt Heinrich Martin von Braun is the son of a Prussian diplomat. The mother comes from a middle-class family, and he creates a warm and comfortable growing environment for her children. When I was in high school, Biro's classmates were mostly aristocratic children. After graduation, Billo studied law at the University of Lausanne and the University of Berlin. From 65438 to 0874, he began to engage in diplomatic work and held different diplomatic posts in many European countries. 1886, she married Mary Anne, daughter of Prince Dominique Bockarie in Bologna province, who is a distant cousin of the British politician Duke acton. Mr. and Mrs. Bilo have no children.
1900 10 After Prince Hornloch abdicated, Count Bilo became the Prime Minister of the German Empire and also the Prime Minister of Prussia. Bilo thinks he is the heir of Bismarck, and he will continue to pursue Bismarck's foreign policy towards European powers to safeguard the interests of Germany and Prussia. However, the task he faced was more arduous than that of his outstanding predecessor, mainly because Europe gradually split into two hostile camps: the allies of Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy, and the allies of Britain, France and Russia. When Bilo came to power, the Allies were still in the formation stage. In fact, he failed to stop his formation, which was a big mistake during his tenure as prime minister.
Because he and his adviser von Holstein thought that Britain could make more concessions, Britain would never reach an understanding with France and Russia, and Germany could continue to be the "arbiter of the world", he did not sincerely accept Joseph Chamberlain's proposal of forming an alliance between Britain and Germany. However, in view of the hostility between Britain and Germany caused by South Africa's trade and navy, and the opposition of the Marquis of Salisbury and the majority of the British cabinet, it was very problematic to establish such an alliance at that time.
Like Bismarck, Biro also achieved some success. He consolidated Germany's position as one of the world powers. He emphasized the importance of acquiring colonies. During Bilo's tenure in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Germany successfully obtained the 99-year lease right of Jiaozhou Bay in China, purchased the Mariana Islands, and acquired most of Samoan territory in the Western Pacific through treaties. In 1980s, Germany occupied Togo and Cameroon in West Africa and had colonies in East Africa. 65438+In the early 1990s, he took over Southwest Africa from a furniture company. Germans clashed with locals in most colonies.
The Germans have formulated effective policies to consolidate colonial rule, and at least in the short term, they can help the colonies manage. Dude, the great colonial expansion has seriously threatened Germany's finances. Julang thinks that the colony is a symbol of Germany becoming a world power, and he thinks it is inevitable to pay the price for it. It never occurred to him that these problems would be one of the reasons why he lost his position as prime minister.
By the end of 1900, a large area of land in the world had been divided up by major powers, and Bilo could only rely on economic strength to maintain its status as a powerful country. One area where the German economy may penetrate is the Ottoman Empire. Of course, such a policy will also take some risks, because before this, some world powers have planned to infiltrate the Turkish Empire, so Germany's actions are likely to be attacked by these countries, especially Britain. In addition, this policy was also opposed by Russia, because he had planned to expand the power of the suite in northern Persia.
Another area where Biro hopes to protect German business interests is Morocco. In Turkey and Morocco, Biro fought for the best interests of Germany through many diplomatic consultations, but his efforts had little effect. For example, the Geras Conference held in 1906 to solve the moroccan crises, although ostensibly stipulated that all countries enjoyed equal rights in Morocco, actually did not prevent France from expanding its sovereignty over Morocco at all.
Bilo tried his best to establish friendly relations with the leaders of various parties in the imperial parliament to get them to approve the bill he submitted, but his achievements were very limited. His re-implemented agricultural protection policy was supported by conservatives. However, the high cost of foreign policy, especially colonial expansion, forced him to raise the domestic tax rate, and his tax bill was strongly opposed by members of Congress. Nevertheless, due to its close relationship with Kaiser Wilhelm II, Biluo Palace still occupies the position of Prime Minister.
William II, who considered himself a friend of Britain, claimed that his love for Britain was different from that of most Germans during his visit to Britain in 1908. Due to negligence, Marquis Bilo, the Prime Minister of the Empire, failed to stop the publication of this article. As soon as this article appeared in the newspaper, the press and Congress were in an uproar and excited. Even conservatives urged the emperor to abdicate. Bilo blamed himself, but his speech on this matter in Congress angered the Kaiser, and the Kaiser was not as friendly to him as before. The indifference to this incident also made him lose public support. In addition, his desire to limit the German naval plan was also opposed by the Kaiser and alfred von tirpitz. In addition, his Coalition in Congress collapsed (this Coalition includes all political parties except the Central Party and the Social Democratic Party), which made his budget fail. 1July, 907, resigned as prime minister and was approved by the emperor. Theobald von Bethmann-Hollweg inherited him. Bilo is good at improvisation and has great wit. He was second only to Bismarck, but he led the country to a dangerous road. He is smart and confident, and always likes to cover up the truth with funny metaphors rashly. Pretend to be optimistic when something happens, thus blocking the criticism that is beneficial to him. These are all places that make him suffer. In his book German Politics (19 14, Leipzig), the lieutenant himself made a wonderful defense. 19 14 Bilo was the ambassador to Italy for a short time. He tried to stop Italy from supporting the Allies in World War I, but failed. He retired to a villa in Rome and died there in 1929.