1, pictographic.

It belongs to the "single word-making method". Outline the shape characteristics of the object to be expressed with lines or strokes of words.

For example, the word "moon" looks like a bright moon, the word "turtle" looks like the side of a turtle, and the word "horse" means a horse with a horse.

Ideographic characters come from picture characters, but they weaken the nature of pictures and enhance the symbolism. Is the most primitive word formation. It has great limitations, because what is written cannot be drawn.

2. refers to things.

It belongs to the "single word-making method". The main difference from hieroglyphics is that signifiers contain more abstract things in painting.

For example, the word "blade" is marked by adding a point to the sharpness of "knife"; The word "fierce" is to add a cross symbol to the trap; "Up" and "Down" are symbols painted above or below the subject "I"; "Three" is indicated by three horizontal lines. The sketches of these characters all have more abstract parts.

3. Sound and form.

It belongs to the "combined word-making method". Pictophonetic characters are composed of pictophonetic characters (also called "semantic symbols") and notes (also called "notes"). The shape side indicates the meaning or category of words, and the sound side indicates that the pronunciation of words is the same or similar.

For example, the word "Sakura" has the word "wood" next to its shape, indicating that it is a kind of tree, and the word "baby" next to its voice indicates that its pronunciation is the same as that of the word "baby".

4. I know.

It belongs to the "combined word-making method". A cognitive word is composed of two or more independent words, which are combined to express the meaning of the word with form or meaning.

For example, combine the word "wine" with liquid "water" to express meaning; The split of the word "solution" means to separate the "cow" from the "horn" with a knife. Song refers to the sound of birds, so it is composed of mouth and bird.

5. Transfer the note.

It belongs to "using Chinese characters". Different regions have different names for the same thing because of different pronunciations and geographical barriers. These two words are used to mean the same thing, and when they have the same meaning, they will have the same radicals or components.

For example, the original meaning of the words "Kao" and "Lao" are elders; "Top" and "top" both mean the top of the head; The original meaning of "Qiao" and "Kong" is Kong. These words have the same radical (or component) and analysis, and also have phonetic relations in pronunciation.

6. borrow

Borrowing is homophonic substitution. Some words in spoken English have no corresponding words. So I found a homophone with the same pronunciation to express his meaning.

For example, "Zi" was originally an ideographic character of "nose", and was later borrowed as "Zi" of "Zi".