Broadly speaking, blockchain technology is a brand-new distributed infrastructure and computing method. It uses blockchain data structure to verify and store data, uses distributed node identification algorithm to generate and update data, uses cryptography to ensure the security of data transmission and access, and uses intelligent contracts composed of automated script codes to program and manipulate data.
infrastructure
Generally speaking, the blockchain system consists of data layer, network layer, knowledge layer, incentive layer, contract layer and application layer. Among them, the data layer encapsulates the underlying data block and related basic data and algorithms such as data encryption and timestamp; The network layer includes distributed networking mechanism, data distribution mechanism and data verification mechanism. * * * knowledge layer mainly encapsulates all kinds of * * * knowledge algorithms of network nodes; The incentive layer integrates economic factors into the blockchain technology system, mainly including the distribution mechanism and distribution mechanism of economic incentives; The contract layer mainly encapsulates various scripts, algorithms and intelligent contracts, which is the basis of the programmable characteristics of blockchain; The application layer encapsulates various application scenarios and cases of blockchain. In this model, the blockchain structure based on timestamp, the * * * knowledge mechanism of distributed nodes, the economic incentive based on * * * knowledge and the flexible and programmable intelligent contract are the most representative innovations of blockchain technology.
Blockchain core technology
Blockchain mainly solves the trust and security problems of transactions, so four technological innovations are proposed to solve this problem:
1. Distributed bookkeeping means that transaction bookkeeping is completed by multiple nodes distributed in different places, and each node records a complete account, so they can all participate in supervising the legality of transactions and testify for them.
The uniqueness of blockchain distributed storage is mainly reflected in two aspects: First, each node of blockchain stores complete data according to blockchain structure, while traditional distributed storage generally stores data in multiple parts according to certain rules. Second, the storage of each node in the blockchain is independent and has the same state, and the consistency of storage is guaranteed by the * * * knowledge mechanism, while the traditional distributed storage generally synchronizes data with other backup nodes through the central node.
No node can record account book data independently, thus avoiding the possibility that a single bookkeeper is controlled or bribed to record false accounts. Because there are enough accounting nodes, theoretically, unless all nodes are destroyed, the account will not be lost, thus ensuring the security of account data.
2. Asymmetric encryption authorization technology, the transaction information stored in the blockchain is public, but the account identity information is highly encrypted and can only be accessed under the authorization of the data owner, thus ensuring data security and personal privacy.
3.*** knowledge mechanism, that is, how to realize the * * * knowledge among all accounting nodes to identify the validity of a record is not only a means of identification, but also a means to prevent tampering. Blockchain proposes four different * * * sensing mechanisms, which are suitable for different application scenarios and strike a balance between efficiency and security.
The * * * knowledge mechanism of blockchain has the characteristics of "minority obeys the majority" and "everyone is equal", in which "minority obeys the majority" does not completely refer to the number of nodes, but also can be the computing power, share number or other comparable characteristic quantities of computers. "Everyone is equal" means that when the nodes meet the conditions, all nodes have the priority to obtain the * * * knowledge result, which may become the final * * * knowledge result after being directly recognized by other nodes.
4. Smart contracts based on these credible and tamper-proof data can automatically execute some predefined rules and terms. Taking insurance as an example, if everyone's information (including medical information and risk information) is authentic, it is easy to make automatic claims in some standardized insurance products.
In the daily business of insurance companies, although transactions are not as frequent as those in the banking and securities industries, they are increasingly dependent on trusted data. Therefore, the author believes that using blockchain technology from the perspective of data management can effectively help insurance companies improve their risk management capabilities. Specifically, it is mainly divided into risk management of policyholders and risk supervision of insurance companies.
References:
Blockchain-Baidu Encyclopedia