(1236— 1283), male, Han nationality, born in Jishui, Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi), formerly known as Sun Yun, originally known as Lushan, and originally known as Song Rui. He is a Taoist priest and a national hero in Fuxiu, Wenshan. He is the author of The Complete Works of Wenshan, including Yi Ge and Guo Ling Ding Yang. Song Lizong Bao You is a scholar. Official to the prime minister, believe in the Lord protector. When Lin 'an was in danger, he recruited insurgents in his hometown and loyal opposition Yuan soldiers invaded. Unfortunately, after being captured, he was put above his family in prison. His poems in his later years reflected his firm national integrity and tenacious fighting spirit. The style is impassioned, desolate and tragic, with strong appeal. There are The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan and Wenshan Yuefu.
Textual research on Wen Tianxiang's family background
"Fu Tian Shi Wen" is the descendant of Wen Weng, the prefect of Shu County in the Western Han Dynasty. Shi Wen, the ancestor of Wen Tianxiang, migrated to Jizhou, Jiangxi Province, and opened a vein of Shi Wen in Fu Tian in Chunhua Township, Luling, Jizhou.
Wen Tianxiang said this in the article "The Deeds of Mr. Ge Zhai, the First Gentleman": "The First Gentleman tasted the genealogy, and the Wen family moved to Chengdu. Fifth (seventh-editor) Zu Bingran lived in the town, and his great-grandfather moved from Yonghe to Futian. " The Chronicle of Mr. Guan Wenshan, the right prime minister of Song Shaobao and the envoy of the Tang Dynasty (hereinafter referred to as the Chronicle) also said: "The Wen family in Luling went out of Chengdu, and Gong VI (the seventh-editor) lived in the town, and the fifth (the eighth-editor) lived in Futian." So now some people regard Wen Tianxiang as a Hakka, which is incorrect.
After Gong was selected, he won the first prize in the four years of Baoyou (1256) in the name of heaven, and successively awarded official duties, punishments for Langguan, Jiangxi punishments, Shangshu Zuosi Langguan punishments, Hunan punishments, and governor of Ganzhou. There is an anthology handed down from generation to generation by Mr Wenshan.
In the first month of the first year of Deyou, Song Gongdi (1275), due to the massive attack of the Yuan army, the defense line of the Yangtze River in Song Jun collapsed, and the imperial court ordered various places to organize military forces and soldiers to be loyal to him. Wen Tianxiang immediately donated his fortune as a military expense, recruited local heroes, and formed a rebel army of more than 10,000 people to go to Lin 'an. In Song Dynasty, Wen Tianxiang was appointed as the magistrate of Pingjiang Prefecture, ordered to send troops to rescue Changzhou, and then ordered him to rescue Shangguan alone. Because of the fierce offensive of the Yuan Army, Jiangxi rebels fought bravely, but failed to stop the Yuan Army in the end.
In the first month of the following year, the Yuan army arrived in Lin 'an, and civil and military officials fled. Empress Xie appointed Wen Tianxiang as the right prime minister and special envoy of the Tang Dynasty, and sent him out of the city to negotiate in an attempt to make peace with the Yuan Army. Wen Tianxiang arrived at the Yuan Army Camp, but was detained by Bo Yan. Seeing that the tide had run out, Empress Xie had to give up the city and surrender to the Yuan Army.
The Yuan Army occupied Lin 'an, but Huaihe River, Jiangnan, Fujian and Guangxi were not completely controlled and occupied by the Yuan Army. So, Bo Yan tried to seduce Wen Tianxiang and use his reputation to clean up the mess as soon as possible. Wen Tianxiang would rather die than surrender, so Bo Yan had to escort him to the north. Wen Tianxiang ventured to flee on his way to Zhenjiang. After many difficulties and obstacles, he arrived in Fuzhou on May 26th, the first year of Jingyan (1276), and was appointed as the right prime minister by Zhao Yun, the little emperor of Song Duanzong.
Wen Tianxiang was extremely dissatisfied with Zhang Shijie's autocratic politics and disagreed with Chen, so he left the Southern Song Dynasty and set up a government in Nanjian House (now Nanping, Fujian), where he served as the same governor and commanded the anti-Yuan. Soon, Wen Tianxiang successively moved to Tingzhou (now Changting, Fujian), Zhangzhou, Longyan, Meizhou and other places, making contact with the anti-Yuan rebels in various places and persisting in the struggle. In the summer of the second year of Jingyan (1277), Wen Tianxiang led troops from Meizhou to attack Jiangxi. After Yidu (now Du Yu, Jiangxi Province) won a great victory, Ganzhou was heavily attacked and Jizhou (now Ji 'an, Jiangxi Province) was attacked, and many counties were recovered successively. In Yuan Dynasty, Xuanwei of Jiangxi made Hengli launch a counterattack in Xingguo County. Wen Tianxiang was defeated, conquered the remnants and retreated to Zhou Xun (the old rule was in Longxi, Guangdong). In the summer of the first year of Xiangxing (1278), Wen Tianxiang learned that Duanzong was dead, inherited his younger brother Zhao Min and moved to Lushan Mountain. In order to get rid of the predicament, he asked to lead an army to meet the Southern Song Dynasty. Due to Zhang Shijie's resolute opposition, Wen Tianxiang had to give up and lead the army back to Chaoyang County. In the winter of the same year, the Yuan Army launched a massive attack, and Wen Tianxiang was attacked by Zhang Hongfan, a general of the Yuan Army, on his way to Haifeng, and was defeated and captured.
Wen Tianxiang tried to commit suicide by taking poison and was taken to Jianshan by Zhang Hongfan, asking him to write a letter to surrender to Zhang Shijie. Wen Tianxiang said, "I can't protect my parents. Can I teach others to betray their parents? " Zhang Hongfan didn't listen, forcing Wen Tianxiang to write again and again. Wen Tianxiang also copied a poem he wrote a few days ago, Crossing Ding Yang, to Zhang Hongfan. Zhang Hongfan read that "life has never died since ancient times, and it needs a heart to shine." Two words, can not help but also moved, no longer forced Wen Tianxiang.
Twenty days after writing Crossing the Zero Ocean, Lu Xiufu jumped into the sea with his 8-year-old young emperor Zhao Min on his back, and the Southern Song Dynasty perished. Zhang Hongfan asked Yuan Shizu how to deal with Wen Tianxiang, and Yuan Shizu said, "Who doesn't have a loyal minister?" Zhang Hongfan was ordered to treat Wen Tianxiang with courtesy, send Wen Tianxiang to Dadu (now Beijing), and put him under house arrest, determined to surrender to Wen Tianxiang.
First, Liu Qu, the former prime minister of the Southern Song Dynasty who surrendered to the Yuan Dynasty, explained Wen Tianxiang's appearance and advised him to surrender. When Wen Tianxiang saw Liu's great anger, Liu had to leave angrily. Yuan Shizu demanded the surrender of Song Gongdi and Zhao Xian, who had reduced the yuan. Wen Tianxiang knelt on the ground in the north, crying, and said to Zhao Xian, "Come back!" Zhao Xian has nothing to say, disgruntled. Yuan Shizu was furious and ordered to tie Wen Tianxiang's hands and put on a wooden cangue. Put him in a military cell. Wen Tianxiang stayed in prison for more than ten days before the jailer let him go: it was another half month before he took off his wooden yoke.
Kyle Polo, the prime minister of the Yuan Dynasty, personally held a trial to interrogate Wen Tianxiang. Wen Tianxiang was taken to the hall of the Privy Council, towering away, just bowed to Kyle Poirot. Kyle Poirot called on Wen Tianxiang to kneel. Wen Tianxiang struggled to sit on the ground and never gave in. Kyle Poirot asked Wen Tianxiang, "What do you have to say now?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "There are ups and downs in the world. The destruction and slaughter of the country have occurred throughout the ages. I am loyal to Song, I just want to die early! " Kyle Poirot flew into a rage and said, "Are you going to die? I won't let you die. I want to detain you! " Wen Tianxiang was fearless and said, "I would rather die for justice than be imprisoned!" "
From then on, Wen Tianxiang spent three years in prison. In prison, he received a letter from his daughter Liu Niang and learned that his wife and two daughters were slaves in the palace and lived like prisoners. Wen Tianxiang knew that her daughter's letter was a hint from Yuan Ting: as long as she surrendered, her family could be reunited. However, Wen Tianxiang doesn't want to lose his integrity because of his wife and daughter, although his heart ached. In his letter to his sister, he said, "I am very sad to receive a letter from Miss Liu. Who has no wife, children, flesh and blood? But now, it is a kind of life to die without hesitation. what can I do? What a pity! ..... can make Liu Nv and Huan Nv become good people, but dad can't. Tears choked and choked. "
Prison life was hard, but Wen Tianxiang endured the pain and wrote many poems. Immortal masterpieces such as the third volume of the Guide and Song of Justice were all written in prison.
In the 19th year of Yuan Shizu Zhiyuan (1282), the powerful minister Ahema was assassinated. Yuan Shizu ordered Ahema to lose his family fortune, investigated Ahema's sin, and appointed Heli Huosun as the right prime minister. Li and Hawthorne put forward the idea of governing the country by Confucianism, which was recognized by Yuan Shizu. In August, Yuan Shizu asked the minister, "Who is the prime minister of the North and the South?" Ministers replied: "Northerners are like Lu Ye Chu Cai, and southerners are like Wen Tianxiang." Therefore, Yuan Shizu issued an order to grant senior officials in Wen Tianxiang prominent positions. Some of Wen Tianxiang were demoted to Yuan's old friends, and immediately informed Wen Tianxiang about it and persuaded Wen Tianxiang to surrender, but Wen Tianxiang refused. 1February 8th, Yuan Shizu summoned Wen Tianxiang and surrendered himself. Wen Tianxiang is still bowing to Yuan Shizu. Yuan Shizu didn't force him to kneel. He just said, "You've been here for a long time. If you can change your mind and be loyal to me in the Song Dynasty, I can give you a position in Zhongshu Province. " Wen Tianxiang replied, "I am the Prime Minister of DaSong. The country is dead, and I just want to die quickly. It is not suitable for a long time. " Yuan Shizu asked again, "What do you want?" Wen Tianxiang replied, "I wish death were enough!" Yuan Shizu was very angry and ordered Wen Tianxiang to be executed immediately.
The next day, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to the execution ground in Chaicheng. The beheading officer asked, "What does the Prime Minister have to say? Playing back can also save you from death. " Wen Tianxiang shouted, "Die or die. What else can you say? " He asked the prison officer, "which way is the south?" Someone showed him the direction, and Wen Tianxiang bowed down to the south and said, "My business is over, and my heart is clear!" Therefore, the neck penalty, the righteousness is long. After his death, he found a poem in his belt: "Confucius said that he is benevolent, and Mencius said that he takes justice and does his best, so benevolence is the best." What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Occasionally, I have no conscience. "Wen Tianxiang died, but fame and fortune, become a martyr.
Wen Tianxiang (1236- 1283), whose original name is Sun Yun, whose real name is Song Rui, also known as Wenshan. Jizhou luling (now Ji' an county) people. Outstanding national hero and patriotic poet in Southern Song Dynasty.
In the fourth year of Baoyu (1256), he won the top prize, but he was unable to enter the official position because of his father's funeral. In the early Qing Dynasty (1259), Mongolian troops attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and eunuch Dong asked to move the capital to avoid the enemy's front. Wen Tianxiang offered a plan to defend the enemy in order to inspire people, and asked Dong to behead him, which was not adopted. Later, he served as a Langguan of the Ministry of Punishment, Zhizhou Ruizhou and other posts. In the sixth year of Xian Chun (1270), he was dismissed for offending the traitor Jia Sidao. In the first month of the first year of Deyou (1275), Wen Dongjin, Wen Tianxiang organized an uprising army in Ganzhou and went straight to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty). The following year, he was appointed as the right prime minister and Tang envoy. At that time, the Yuan army had advanced on Lin 'an, was sent to Yuanying for negotiation, was detained and taken to the north. At the end of February, Tianxiang and his guest Du Hu and others 12 died in Zhou Zhen at night. South by sea, Fujian, Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu, etc. Insist on resisting Yuan. In the second year of Jingyan (1277), he entered Jiangxi and recovered many counties. Soon, defeated by Yuan's heavy troops, his wife and children were arrested and many soldiers died. Tian Xiang escaped alone, retreated to Guangdong and continued to resist Yuan. Later, he was captured in Wupoling (now Haifeng County, Guangdong Province) in December of the same year because a traitor led Yuan soldiers to attack him. The Yuan Dynasty forced Zhang Hongfan to surrender to Zhang Shijie, which is a poem in the book Crossing Ding Yang. The last sentence says: "No one has died in life since ancient times. Take the heart of Dan and follow the history of history." The following year, he was escorted to Dadu (now Beijing) and imprisoned for four years. After various severe tests, he never gave in. He died peacefully in 1283 at the age of 47.
Wen Tianxiang wrote a lot of poems, words and essays. Among them, there are more than 100 poems with high achievements. There is The Complete Works of Mr. Wenshan. Among them, Crossing the Ocean and Song of Justice are eternal masterpieces.
final decision
Wen Tianxiang's hesitation before execution.
Heroes are also timid in the face of death. In the movie Braveheart, the Scottish national hero Wallace shouted "Freedom!" Before he was executed. But before he left his cell, he prayed to God for courage to resist the fear of death.
Wen Tianxiang, a hero of the Chinese nation, was not completely fearless in the face of death threats and inducements from the Yuan Dynasty, except for his heroic spirit of sacrificing his life for righteousness. He not only doubts his beliefs, but even has the idea of "surrender".
The Biography of Wen Tianxiang in the History of Song Dynasty recorded his ambiguous words: "If the country dies, we all die. It's a good idea to go back to your hometown in Huang Guan after a long vacation, so I will prepare a consultant for you from abroad in the future. If you are an official, you can't live with a doctor who died for your country. If you give up all your life, how will you use me? " It implies that he has the idea of retiring from his hometown to be a Taoist priest (Huang Guan), and even become a counselor of the Yuan Dynasty in the future. In this way, Wen Tianxiang had the possibility of defection, but Kublai Khan could not tolerate such a vague attitude. What he wants is a wholehearted slave surrender.
Fortunately, Kublai Khan did not agree to his request to retire as a Taoist priest. An old colleague who was reprimanded by Wen Tianxiang for reducing the yuan did not agree: "Naturally, we have to go out and call Jiangnan again, where to put our ten people!" It is precisely because of Wen Tianxiang's last drop of blood and the famous saying "Who has never lived or died since ancient times, keeps a heart and shines on history" that we have won an eternal hero instead of a hermit who is common in troubled times.
How could the murdered Wen Tianxiang be as timid as a mouse and run away? Surrender? I dare not even think about it. Later generations suspected that the Biography of Wen Tianxiang in Song Dynasty compiled by Yuan Dynasty was a deliberate slander and insult to our national hero. Yes, in China people's thinking habits, heroes are never timid and cowards are never brave. Don't you know that human nature is much more complicated than we thought? It is entirely possible for Wen Tianxiang to escape before he died.
Less than a year after writing Crossing the Ocean, Wen Tianxiang actually began to "doubt" the so-called "who has never died in life since ancient times, and has a pure heart to shine on history". When he was taken to metropolis after suffering, he wrote a poem "From October 1 ST to Yan, the fifth day after death, I feel sad and blessed", in which "Who is the doctor of national subjugation?" Only unofficial history can watch it with others. I'm afraid I'll give my life for justice, and I can't honor my ancestors. I can only spread it in unofficial history.
Wen Tianxiang can't let "God give me strength", he needs the strength of historical justice to motivate himself, and it is normal to experience doubt in the middle. Earlier, when he was taken to Guangzhou, those who advised him to surrender "scoffed" at his belief in leaving a name in history. "The death of the country, filial piety. It's filial piety to kill, who will reply. " Wen Tianxiang said, "When Yin died, Yi and Qi didn't eat and did their best. I just know that it is easy to live or die. " Visible, whether Dan Xin can shine in history, Wen Tianxiang has repeatedly.
Wen Tianxiang is not afraid of sacrifice, but it is worth inducements. However, when a Taoist named Ling Yangzi talked with him, he was moved to retreat to Buddhism and Taoism. Previously, Wen Tianxiang knew Wang Yuanliang, a court pianist in the Southern Song Dynasty, who was once given a Taoist priest by Kublai Khan in Huangguan. Although Wen Tianxiang is a Confucian, he is quite fond of Buddhism and Taoism, which is obvious from the fact that his two sons are called Daosheng and Fosheng respectively.
"Who knows the real trouble, suddenly realize the great light, sunrise, sunset and interest. Fame is destroyed, and loyalty and filial piety are great. There is only a hero in the world, and the gods succeed. " This is a poem presented by Wen Tianxiang after Ling Yangzi visited him in prison. This poem is quite different from Wen Tianxiang's righteous works such as Song of Righteousness. In addition to the tragic spirit of Confucianism, loyalty to the monarch and benevolence, there are indeed Arvinsky phenomena wandering between Buddhism and Taoism, seeking liberation.
From another poem written by Wen Tianxiang to Ling Yangzi, we can see the clue: "I used to love the whole poem, and I left you for a long time. Under the green hills, the house is close at hand ... the world is old and the sun and the moon are good. People are yin and yang, which comes from immortality. Point out nothingness and lead me to the Ming Dynasty. Wen Tianxiang was frustrated in his early years and returned to Wenshan's hometown to forget the whole teacher all day. " In the meantime, he was extremely poor and quiet, extremely happy and tired. "When he was trapped in a prison in a metropolis thousands of miles away from his hometown, his conversation with Ling Yangzi aroused Wen Tianxiang's memories of the happy days in the past.
/kloc-On the Mid-Autumn Festival night in 0/280, Wang Yuanliang, who was given as a Taoist by Kublai Khan, played Eighteen Beats of Hu Jia for Wen Tianxiang in prison. This is a long poem written by Cai Wenji after he returned to his hometown in the late Han Dynasty 12. It tells her tragic life experience and homesickness. On the night of the full moon, when the old country was away, Wang Yuanliang was jailed, and Wen Tianxiang, like Cai Wenji, lost his country and was homeless. What a grief. Then, Wen Tianxiang wrote Eighteen Beats of Hujiaqu, and at the end of the preface, the inscription was "Fuxiu Taoist Wenshan". "Floating Hugh" in Zhuangzi means "if his life floats, his death will rest". It can be seen from Wen Tianxiang's self-proclaimed "floating Taoist" that the talk of "returning to his hometown in Huang Guan" is not groundless.
More than 700 years later, when we see Wen Tianxiang's loose faith, escaping from his thoughts or even surrendering his thoughts, we will not feel that his image has been damaged, but it is more in line with the truth of human nature, making people close and moving.
Wen Tianxiang finally did not escape, righteously took to the execution ground. Before the execution, ten thousand people were watching, and Wen Tianxiang was unusually calm. He said to the officials, "I have finished my work and I have no heart." Die facing south. Among the clothes he wore, people found his "Zanfu": "Confucius said benevolent government, Mencius said justice. Only its righteousness is exhausted, so the benevolent is also. What have you learned from reading the books of sages? Every now and then, I have no conscience. "
Wen Tianxiang's brother's choice
Wen Tianxiang, a brave man, was written in blood. He had two younger brothers, one lost his yuan, the other escaped from reality and retired. My brother was so loyal, but my brother made a "scandal" that "damaged" his reputation. Wen Tianxiang has three younger brothers: Wen Bi, Wen Ting and Zhang Wen. They all died young in China. Wen Tianxiang is one year old. /kloc-in the winter of 0/278, the Yuan army stormed Huizhou where Wenbi was stationed. Kaesong surrendered, and Wen Tianxiang was captured at the end of the year. Wen Tianxiang Zhang Wen, who was only 13 years old, surrendered with Wen Wen and then retired to the DPRK to be an official. He died at the age of 69 35 years after his eldest brother was killed.
At the beginning of the Yuan Dynasty, there was a "high-profile" accusation that Wen Tianxiang's younger brother was not loyal enough. The style of writing was also satirized by a poem: "It is difficult to look at brothers in the mountains in the south of the Yangtze River, and brothers are also difficult; Unfortunately, plum blossoms are like sorrow, and the south branch is warm and the north branch is cold. " Wenshan, Wen Tianxiang, has a literary style, and Xishan refers to two brothers, and the south branch and the north branch also refer to two people, because Wen Tianxiang once wrote a poem, "Plum blossoms on the river are willing to rest, so don't divide the north and the south."
If there is a time tunnel, I would like to ask the adherents of the Southern Song Dynasty who wrote this poem: "Why not sacrifice?" In the face of heroes, China people are constantly moved, but their moral worship often escalates unintentionally. If this worship leaves the earth and loses its basic understanding and sympathy for human nature, it becomes a cruel moral addiction. Perhaps some people think that Wen Tianxiang will condemn his younger brothers. But on the contrary, he is "considerate", and Zhang Wen's escape is still the result of his persuasion.
There are several reasons why Wen Bi turned himself in: First, he never stopped worshipping. Wen Tianxiang's two sons, one died young and the other was separated in the war. Wenbi adopted one of his sons to Wen Tianxiang. And Wen Tianxiang's mother died in other places, has not been buried, and needs a coffin to return home. Second, unlike the capitulationists who had just invaded the Southern Song Dynasty by the Yuan Army, the Southern Song Dynasty had actually perished when the style of writing fell to the Yuan Dynasty, and the result of the struggle was that the people of the whole city were unlucky. Such an excuse certainly can't satisfy the moral judge, but his brother understands him.
1March, 279, Wen Tianxiang was escorted to Guangzhou, and his writing also came to bid farewell to his brother. Whether he confessed his defection or not and Wen Tianxiang's attitude at that time are unknown. However, Wen Tianxiang wrote a poem "Send to Huizhou Brothers" to his younger brother, which said: "Fifty years of brothers, a separation. Goose is very long, but do you know how far it is? Who cares more about the heart if you don't know where to bury your bones? I lost my life and my son is my son. " He hoped that the writing would grieve for his eldest son.
128 1 year, Wen Tianxiang wrote to wenbi, asking him to adopt his son: "Your biological father (wenbi) and your uncle (Zhang Wen) are all admired by the whole family, but they are loyal and filial, and they all go their separate ways ..." Wen Tianxiang clearly understood and recognized wenbi's choice of "filial piety". Wen Tianxiang is not a moralist who sacrificed everything to clear his reputation. He devoted himself to being a martyr and did not ask others to learn from him. Later, he wrote to his third brother, Zhang Wen, just to persuade him not to be an official. Zhang Wen also adopted the attitude of "non-violence and non-cooperation". He refused to be an official all his life and enjoyed his old age. Under the national disaster, Wen Tianxiang's three brothers either died, surrendered or retired, and made completely different life choices. This may more reflect the complexity and truth of human nature, and Wen Tianxiang's tolerance and understanding allow us to see a soft and affectionate heroic heart besides his lofty moral idol.
It is necessary to mention that Wen Tianxiang's stepson Wen Sheng also "surrendered". Thirty years after Wen Tianxiang's death, he became a bachelor in Jixian County, and soon died of illness, and was named Hou of Shu County. Wen Fu, grandson of Wen Tianxiang, son of Wen Sheng, proofreader of Huguang. I think, if Wen Tianxiang had known his soul, I'm afraid he wouldn't have denounced his descendants.
Wen Tianxiang's life
Wen Tianxiang (1236- 1283), whose original name was Sun Yun, was Tianxiang, and later changed to Song Rui, whose word was good, whose name was Wenshan and whose name was Luling (now Ji 'an County). Outstanding national hero and patriotic poet in Southern Song Dynasty.
Tianxiang learned from Ouyang when he was young. In the fourth year of Baoyu (1256), twenty scholars were recruited, and the countermeasures were to gather in Yingtang. Tianxiang takes Dharma and Heaven as the right, and the emperor personally pulls it out first. Wang Yinglin, the examiner, said, "The friendship between ancient times is like a turtle mirror, and loyalty to the liver is like a stone. I dare to congratulate people. "
Tianxiang lived in an era when a bad king was in power, treacherous officials played politics, political corruption and foreign enemies invaded. In Kaiqing (1259), the Mongolian army attacked Ezhou (now Wuchang, Hubei), and the eunuch Dong told him to move the capital to Siming to avoid the enemy. Tianxiang's suggestion of fleeing by mistake was not adopted. He asked Dong to be beheaded to inspire the people and provide a plan to resist the enemy. In the sixth year of Xianchun (1270), Jia Sidao, a traitor, resigned due to illness and threatened the court. In the draft patent, Tianxiang sternly condemned it, so it was rejected. In nine years (1273), he was sentenced to Hunan, because he saw the past. Wanli, who has always been curious about auspicious days, talked about state affairs and said sadly, "I'm old, and it's time to change people according to the weather." I have seen many people, and the responsibility of the world is in your hands. You are very brave! " Ten years (1274), changed to Ganzhou. In the first month of the first year of Deyou (1275), the court heard the news of the Yuan Army and ordered him to be diligent in the world. When Tianxiang heard the news, he took all his property as military expenses and organized an uprising army in Ganzhou to go to Lin 'an (now Hangzhou, the capital of the Southern Song Dynasty). Wherever Qiu went, he did not commit any crime and was supported by the people. In August, the court appointed Tianxiang as the ambassador to Jiangdong in western Zhejiang, and also as the ambassador to Anfu in Jiangxi, knowing Pingjiangzhou (governing Wuxian in Jiangsu). In the first month of the second year (1276), except for the Prime Minister Tianxiangyou and the Tang envoys. At that time, the Yuan Army had gone south and advanced to Lin 'an. There is a purpose for Tianxiang to go to Qiting Mountain to negotiate. Tianxiang met Bo Yan, commander-in-chief of the Mongolian army, and understood the benefits of peace and war. At first, Bo Yan made alarmist remarks. Later, when he saw that Tianxiang was brave and resourceful, he dared not kill him or let him go, so he took him into custody and took him north. At the end of February, Tianxiang and his guest Du Hu and others 12 died in Zhou Zhen at night. South by sea, Fujian, Zhang Shijie, Lu Xiufu, etc. Insist on resisting Yuan. In the second year of Jingyan (1277), he entered Jiangxi and recovered many counties. The enemy sent the traitor Wu Jun to surrender, and the sky was about to cut Wu. Soon, he was defeated by Yuan's heavy troops, and his wife and children were arrested. Soldiers sacrificed a lot, and Tianxiang fled alone. Xiangguang Pu Yuan (1278), who is good at protecting the young, believes in lord protector. After Tianxiang arrived in Guangdong, he continued to resist Yuan. In the same year1February, it was captured by Yuan soldiers in Beiwupoling, Haifeng County. Tianxiang swallowing brain (borneol) will not die. Yuan used Zhang Hongfan as a book to woo Zhang Shijie. Heaven said, "You can't guard against your parents, but teach people to rebel against their parents, can you?" Hong Fan pushed him again and again, which is the poem of the book Crossing the Ocean in Dingding. The last sentence says: "No one has died in life since ancient times. Take the heart of Dan and follow the history of history." The following year, he was escorted to Dadu (now Beijing) and fasted for eight days without dying. The Yuan Dynasty tried to win people's hearts with Tianxiang and asked Tianxiang to be the prime minister, but they were all rejected. Tianxiang has been imprisoned for four years, and has gone through all kinds of severe tests and never gave in. At that time, the anti-Yuan activities of people all over the country were still going on, and the rulers of the Yuan Dynasty were afraid of leaving behind future troubles, so they killed them on the ninth day of December in the nineteenth year of the Yuan Dynasty (1283). After the death of Tianxiang, his clothes were praised: "Confucius said benevolent politics, and Mencius said righteousness. Only its righteousness is exhausted, so the benevolent is also. What did you learn by reading The Memory of the Sage? Every now and then, I have no conscience. "
Tianxiang is not only a great national hero, but also an outstanding patriotic poet. He left us many poems, words and essays. Among them, there are more than 100 poems with remarkable achievements. His poems can be divided into two stages: before and after Deyou. Deyou was a poem of ordinary literati before. Although some of them express their concern for the country and the people or expose the contradictions and evils of the ruling group, they are mostly hasty works, which are different from those of ordinary literati who fiddle with pen and ink. Even so, there are still many excellent works. Every time he meets the theme of boarding writing, he needs to express his "worry is worry" and sigh without illness. Even when he retired to Wenshan, his poems had the lofty aspirations of "a sword to the end, a cock crows to sit down". His poems on landing landscapes are not intended to describe the flooding of the Moshan mountains skillfully, but to express his feelings by touching the scenery. His works praising the inner feelings and feelings of excitement do not pay attention to such techniques as implicit foil, but are often frank and frank in style of "seeing courage as soon as a husband opens his mouth". He was deeply influenced by Jiangxi Poetry School "Ning Zhuo is not clever, preferring simplicity to elegance, preferring coarseness to lightness".
After Deyou, his patriotism was sublimated to a new height because of the drastic changes in the social environment in which Tianxiang lived and the pain of national subjugation. The artistic achievements of poetry in this period also reached a higher level. His ancient poems are magnificent and magnificent. His metrical poems are concise, clear in theme and neat in antithesis. His quatrains are sharp and sonorous, as clear as words. His poems played an important role in the Southern Song Dynasty and wrote a glorious page in the history of China literature.
Tianxiang has many works, which are included in Wenshan Collection 2 1 volume. The Complete Works of Wen Tianxiang was published today. Prose is long, so I won't record it. I only recorded one poem: "What's wrong with dying for my son and being loyal to my minister?" Since the honor is divided, the scholar has no integrity, and the monarch and the minister have no righteousness, whoever bears it. Scold thieves and despise young people, love Yuan, and enjoy eternal fame. Later, there were no two public exercises, and steel was tempered. Life is dying. Let's have a good fight. So that at that time, he betrayed the country, willingly surrendered to Lu, was reviled, and still enjoyed a fair reputation? The ancient temple is quiet with elegant ruins. How many sunsets are there in western Western jackdaw? Under the post booth, there is an adulterer here. Think about it. "("Qinyuanchun ". Title Zhang Xu Temple "). Song Zhengqi: "Heaven and earth have meanings, but they are various. Below is the river yue, above is the sun star; People call it awe, which is overwhelming. Huang Lu should be Qingyi, including Tuming Pavilion; When you study festivals, you can see them one by one. In the bamboo slips of Qi Taishi, in the Hu Bi in the east of Jin Dynasty, in the Liang Zhuan and in the Wu Festival. As the head of General Yan, serving the blood of Ji surname and showing his teeth is the tongue of Yan Changshan. Or for Liaodong's hat, Qing. Li Bingxue; Or for the sake of "model", ghosts and gods cry tragically; Or crossing the river and generously swallowing Hu Jie; Let's catch the thief. The reverse vertical gap is broken. It takes qi as its power, and it lasts forever. When it runs through the sun and the moon, life and death live in peace; The earth depends on it, and the Tianzhu depends on it. Three cardinal principles are life and morality is the root. To Li Yangjiu, the official tone is also ineffective. Chu prisoners carry crowns, and carts send them to the poor north. Tripods are as sweet as cups and are hard to get. There is a jack-o'-lantern in the dark room, and the spring yard is stuffy and dark. Cattle and horses share a bar of soap, and chickens live in phoenix. Once it is foggy, it is divided into ditches and barren areas. If it is so hot and cold, Baibao can easily change itself. Hey, I'm in the swamp. I'm happy for my country. Is he clever? Yin He won't be a thief. I care about this. Look up at the clouds. My heart is sad and the sky is extremely high! The days of philosophers are far away, and the punishment is over. The wind eaves show books to read, and the ancient roads show colors. "