Examining questions is the first step in writing, and it is also the key step in the success or failure of an article. The idea of the article is determined in the process of examining the questions. The specific task of the examination is to understand the intention of the proposer, clarify the writing object, scope and focus, clarify the intention and determine the genre of the article through thinking and analyzing the composition topic.

Fast composition requires completing the task of reviewing questions in one or two minutes to determine the general idea of the article. It requires not only an accurate grasp of the topic of the composition, but also a fast speed, and you can't dillydally analyze and ponder. Here are some basic quick check methods.

In the non-fast composition examination, the problems of proposition intention, writing object, material selection scope, central expression and so on can be analyzed step by step, but the fast composition examination can not be carried out step by step. Synchronous examination method requires synchronous examination of theme, subject matter, center, focus and genre, that is, it is completed at a glance, and it is no longer step by step. It's like stamping a stamp. Most people write their signatures one by one, and stamping only needs one click on the paper. Obviously, it is much faster to stamp a chapter than to write it one by one. When a sharpshooter shoots a target, he doesn't hold the gun in the first step, aim in the second step and shoot in the third step like an ordinary shooter. He aimed and pulled the trigger almost synchronously. The same is true of using synchronous examination method to examine questions.

The synchronous examination method requires simplifying the examination procedure, adopting scanning method, and immediately deciding what to write and express at a glance. For example, to write the topic "An interesting thing happened to me", the routine procedure for examining the topic is:

The object of this question is: things.

The scope of writing this question is: one thing.

The scope of this question is: things around you.

The center of this topic is: interesting things.

⑤ The article genre of this question is narrative.

Through thinking and analyzing the above procedures, and then summarizing them, I come to a conclusion: write an interesting thing that happened around me in the form of a narrative.

But the exam is not over yet, so we should continue to think about the seventh more important question: what is interesting? The so-called "interesting things" refer to things that can give people a sense of freshness, that is, things that people like to see and hear. Generally speaking, such a thing is a bit unexpected, with twists and turns, and even a bit dramatic. But it is not enough to be interesting, it must be meaningful and can enlighten and educate people. At this point, the examination process is completed, and the final conclusion is: write a meaningful thing that happened to people around you in the form of narrative. Although this method accurately grasps the topic, the procedure is too cumbersome and time-consuming, which does not meet the requirements of "speed".

Synchronous review method can make an instant judgment as long as you glance at the topic "An interesting thing happened to me": write a meaningful new thing that people like to see and hear. Why can synchronous examination method judge questions quickly? The key problem is to use scanning method, which simplifies the thinking procedure and saves the complicated analysis process. Because there are factors such as "surroundings", "interesting", "one thing" and "things", there are obvious signs in the topic, which can be seen at a glance without thinking and analyzing step by step. Since you wrote "One Thing", the genre is of course narrative, so this issue does not need to be considered. When writing any article, we should pay attention to social benefits, so what we write should be not only interesting, but also meaningful. In this way, the seven thinking procedures are simplified into one. As long as we grasp the word "fun" and make a little analysis, we will complete the task of examining the questions.

Another key point of synchronous inspection method is strategic positioning. Only when you are condescending can you see everything in a glance. Some of the composition questions are complicated, so it will take time if you scrutinize them one by one. At this time, as long as you grasp the key step to think, other steps will be completed. For example, if you write the topic "The Wind of Reform Blows into Campus", you can immediately clarify the theme when you see the topic: write something new about school reform, and focus on the word "wind" of "wind of reform". After a little thinking, you will know that "wind" is a thing, and it is clear that "wind of reform" is a thing of reform. In this way, the examination time is short, and the grasp of the topic is accurate, which meets the requirement of "fast".

2. Simplified factor method

For multi-factor composition questions, the simplified factor method can be used to examine the questions, turning complex factors into simple factors and multi-factors into single factors. In this way, the topic can be clearly defined in a short time, the problem of what to write can be solved, and the purpose of quick review can be achieved.

The so-called composition topic factor refers to the known conditions provided by the topic and is the starting point of examination.

For example, the topic "Ideal and Dream" contains two factors: "Ideal" and "Dream". The topic of trees, forests and climate includes three factors: trees, forests and climate. Bitterness and sweetness of life (Taiwan Province Province 198 1 year college entrance examination composition topic), this topic includes three factors: life, bitterness and sweetness. The examination must be based on the factors of the topic. There are many factors in the topic, many clues to thinking, and the time for examination will inevitably be much more. To examine questions quickly, we must first simplify the multi-factor questions and make them the simplest factor questions.

There are two main points in the method of simplifying factors, one is to merge similar factors, and the other is to remove invalid factors. Taking 1990 college entrance examination composition as an example, this paper explains how to use simplified factor method in the process of examination.

1990 college entrance examination composition questions

A pair of twin girls walked into the rose garden. Before long, one of them ran to her mother and said:

"Mom, this is a terrible place!"

"Why, my child?"

"Because there are thorns under every flower here."

A little later, another little girl came running and said to her mother:

"Mom, this is a good place!"

"Why, my child?"

"Because there are flowers on every thorn here."

After listening to the words of the two children and looking at the child whose finger was punctured, the mother was lost in thought.

Please talk about the first little girl's statement according to the materials of the memorial archway, connect with the reality of life, choose your own angle and make your own topic. Not less than 600 yuan.

This is a composition topic for materials, which includes six factors: ① mother, ② first little girl, ③ second little girl, ④ rose garden, ⑤ rose, ⑤ rose thorn. To examine this topic by simplifying factors, the first step is to remove the invalid factors ① ③, because the topic only requires discussion on the statement of the first little girl, and "mother" and "second little girl" can be omitted. The second step is to combine similar factors: ④ ⑤ ⑤, the rose thorn grows under the rose and the rose grows in the rose garden, so both ⑤ and ⑤ can be combined into ④. In the end, there are only two of these six factors, namely the first little girl and the rose garden. So we only need to pay attention to one question: Is the first little girl right about the rose garden? The little girl thinks that the rose garden is not a good place because she sees thorns under the roses. Obviously, this view is one-sided. The purpose of this material composition is to tell people that we must look at the problem from a comprehensive and dialectical point of view. This is the best point of this article. I found the best idea of the article, and the problems of drafting questions and selecting materials have been solved. In this way, the task of examining the questions was quickly completed. Many candidates' mistakes in writing are that they have not found the best idea of the article, that is, they have not passed the examination.

When using the simplified factor method to examine questions, it is sometimes necessary to abandon all the existing factors in the questions and find new ones. Some composition questions expressed in the form of joint structure are often like this. Such as success and failure, four modernizations and culture, father and son, teachers and students, and so on. There are two factors in these topics, but the existing two factors are not the focus of writing, and the focus of writing is on the new factors that communicate the two factors. Knowing this truth, we will not try to figure out the known factors one by one when examining the questions. We only need to find the internal contact point (new factor) of the two factors, and the task of examining the questions is completed. For example, if you write "between teachers and students", you won't think about "teachers" and "students" separately. We just need to write a new relationship in which teachers and students care about each other, help each other, learn from each other, be democratic and equal, learn from each other and learn from each other. If the internal reasons contained in the topic are found, the task of examining the topic will be completed, and there is no need to waste brain cells and time in other aspects. In this way, the test will be faster.

3. Master the center of gravity method

As long as we accurately grasp the ideographic center of some composition questions, we can quickly sort out our thinking, determine the scope of material selection and the focus of writing, and avoid taking many detours in the thinking activities of examining questions. This method is called mastering the center of gravity method.

The ideographic center of the title is the key word that best reflects the theme, that is, the key point of writing yesterday.

The ideographic center of the interrogative sentence with a biased structure is often in the biased part. 1977 college entrance examination is an independent proposition of all provinces (regions) in China. The essay topics in Shaanxi Province, Shandong Province and Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region are "Unforgettable Days", Jiangxi Province is "Unforgettable Times", Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region is "Unforgettable Days" and Xizang Autonomous Region is "Unforgettable Events". Although the topics are different, some are "a day", some are "a moment", some are "a day" and some are "one thing". In fact, their ideographic emphasis is on the word "unforgettable", so you only need to deduct the word "unforgettable" when reviewing the topic, and don't think about anything else, which can save time and speed up the pace.

If the theme of the composition is a unique word, its ideographic focus is often the essential characteristics of the things represented by the word. Just grasp its essential characteristics to think, or write its symbolic meaning, metaphorical meaning or extended meaning. For example, bridges, roads, candles, blackboards, spring breeze, climbing and habits are all the same. Don't think too comprehensively, just grasp a little. There is a term in the quick examination, which is called "attacking one point, not as good as the rest." There is too much time for comprehensive thinking, which does not meet the requirements of rapid examination.

4. Reverse thinking method

Reverse thinking method, also known as penetration obstacle method. If you analyze some composition questions literally and think positively, I'm afraid you can't find a breakthrough after racking your brains, and I don't know how to start. However, if we use the method of reverse thinking, break through the literal barrier and think from the opposite side, we can immediately define the scope and object of writing and examine the topic instantly.

For example, if you write the topic of Silent Night, you can't start if you take it literally and think positively. In the dead of night, all is silent. What is there to write about? However, at this time when there is no doubt that there is no way out, if you use the method of reverse thinking to examine the topic, your eyes will immediately brighten and you will see the scene of "another village". In fact, the title "Silent Night" requires writing about the unsettled things that happened on a quiet night. In the silent night, the earth is silent, but the teacher prepares lessons under the lamp, the seeds break ground, the seedlings grow, the leaves rustle, the river is rushing, the thieves are ready to move, the border guards stand guard, the public security war is ready to go, the party and government leaders plan strategies, and small lives are born ... Once the gate of thinking is opened, I feel that there are endless materials to write.

Another example is writing the title "Ancient Town". Literally, it's about the ancient town. In fact, it is about the new life, new atmosphere and new changes in the ancient town. "An Ordinary Thing" is actually about the extraordinary significance of things, and "An Ordinary Man" is actually about his extraordinary deeds. Mastering the reverse thinking method, once you see this kind of topic, you can quickly penetrate the obstacles on the surface of the topic, lead your thinking to the opposite side, and you can quickly review the topic.

5. Method of meeting requirements

Some composition questions stipulate writing requirements. Examining questions in a way that meets the requirements, as the name implies, is to write according to the requirements of the questions, without considering anything else. Quick examination of questions requires simplification of thinking procedures, and it is necessary to clarify the questions and determine what to write in a very short moment. The method that meets the requirements is actually a shortcut to examine the questions.

Now take 1985' s national college entrance examination composition as an example to illustrate. 1985 college entrance examination composition topic is:

There is a Qianjin chemical plant near Chengxi Middle School. This factory emits toxic gases and waste water every day. Teachers, students and nearby residents have been in a polluted environment for a long time, which has damaged their health and affected their work and study. Over the past few years, the school has repeatedly put forward opinions to the factory, demanding that the pollution problem be properly solved. However, the factory has repeatedly delayed on the grounds of heavy production tasks, weak technical force and excessive expenses, and it has not been solved so far.

Try to write to the editorial department of Guangming Daily in the name of "Chengxi Middle School Student Union", reflect the situation, state the reasons and call for an early solution.

This material composition question looks very complicated. In fact, it only takes a minute or two to complete the task of reviewing the questions. Where is the trick? The title requires writing a letter to Guangming Daily in the name of "Chengxi Middle School Student Union". What does this letter say? As long as it meets the requirements of "reflecting the situation, explaining the reasons and calling for an early solution". Many candidates write three paragraphs in the article: one reflects the situation, the other States the reasons, and the third calls for immediate solution. When marking papers, these candidates got high marks for their articles. Therefore, using the "meeting demand method" to examine questions can be done well in a short time without too much thinking.

6. Dislocation between reality and reality

The so-called dislocation method of reality is specifically the practice of virtual problems and real problems, that is, writing from reality to reality. Generally speaking, the virtual topic is a relatively large topic, and the real topic is a relatively small topic. Therefore, this method of examining questions can also be understood as making a mountain out of a molehill.

For example, roadside grass, roadside grass thought, roadside grass praise and other topics, on the surface, are real, the scope is very small, can be said to be typical real problems, small problems. When we use the method of dislocation of reality and reality to examine the topic, we will understand at a glance that this topic cannot be written on the basis of facts and must be written by imagination. Whether writing essays or argumentative essays (mixed feelings), the idea should be to praise the spirit of obscurity and self-improvement of roadside grass or its tenacious vitality, or to praise the style of grass that is uncontested and does not seek fame and fortune. Writing prose expresses the above-mentioned ideas by describing the image of roadside grass, and writing argumentative papers grasps the characteristics of grass and discusses directly from the above-mentioned ideas.

The opposite of real problem is the realization of virtual problem. Some topics, literally, are so empty that you don't know how to start when reviewing ideas. Use the method of dislocation of reality and reality to examine the questions. When encountering imaginary questions, the article should be written to the real point. For example, the essay title "Pursuit" looks big and empty, and it is irrelevant. However, if it is misplaced, it is very easy to write it. You can write about the pursuit of an old teacher, an ordinary worker, a border guard and a middle school student, or you can write about your own pursuit. In short, you can write about the pursuit of various typical characters. This is a story. How about writing an argumentative essay? We can explain what contemporary youth should pursue, or what modern middle school students should pursue. Of course, we can also discuss the relationship between the pursuit of lofty goals and trivial matters in daily life. In short, this kind of imaginary problem should be written realistically. If you master this method of examining questions with false and true dislocation, you can make a decision immediately when you encounter such questions, clear your mind, stop thinking hard, delay time and affect the writing speed.

In actual composition, the method of examining questions with dislocation between reality and reality is often used. For example, mother's laughter, autumn leaves, spring rain, roads, laughter, lights, sunflowers, family streams, climbing, reform, gifts, goals, tomorrow, time and wishes.

7. Contact background method

Everything in the world happens in a certain background, and the origin of things is naturally inseparable from the background of things. When analyzing the text, we should introduce the background of the times, and when evaluating the characters, we should contact the historical background. The same is true for the examination of composition, which cannot be separated from the background of the topic. Some composition questions, in isolation, are difficult to write, and I don't know how to make an idea, but the best idea can be found in a short time by using the method of contact background.

1988 the topic "habit" in the composition of the college entrance examination seems to be irrelevant, and I don't know how to find the best way to think about it. If you use the context method to examine the topic, you can quickly make it clear. From 65438 to 0988, a vigorous and unprecedented reform movement was being carried out all over the country, from rural areas to cities, from institutions to schools. If we put habits in this specific background, we will immediately understand that reform is a denial of traditional old habits. No matter how stubborn old habits are, they will eventually be replaced by new life. No matter how much resistance the reform encounters, it will surely win in the end. The replacement of old and new habits is a historical necessity. If you find a breakthrough in thinking from this aspect, you will soon find the idea of the article.

Using the method of linking the background to examine the questions is not only easy in thinking process and fast in examining the questions, but also can accurately grasp the meaning of the questions and will not stray from the topic. Because people's thoughts are branded with the times, it is certainly not wrong to examine the composition questions in a certain background of the times and look at and analyze the problems from the perspective of the times. A good exam essay question will be directly or indirectly related to the situation at that time, and the essay question is closely related to the spirit of the times. As long as you carefully analyze the previous college entrance examination composition questions, you will find this feature. For example, 1952, I threw myself into the embrace of the motherland; 1956, I lived in a happy age; 1958, the general line of socialist construction was announced; 1966, something new in the Great Leap Forward. 1962 said that he was not afraid of ghosts, 1963 a letter to the Vietnamese people, 1973 an advanced youth who grew up in three revolutionary movements. None of these essay questions were divorced from the historical background at that time. 1977 the same is true of the composition questions in the college entrance examination since the resumption of the college entrance examination. Moreover, in recent years, the composition questions of college entrance examination often seem to have little connection with the times on the surface, but in fact, there is always an internal connection between the above questions and the spirit of the times, from 1988' s Habit to 1990' s Roses and Thorns, which are closely related to the present times. Because the connection between the topic and the background is internal and invisible, many candidates can't see through it, can't grasp the purpose of the topic, and their thinking is not accurate, which further illustrates the important role of the "contact background method" in the rapid examination of the topic.

8. Mathematical matching method

Some composition topics are figurative or symbolic, such as warm current, spring breeze, red leaves, high lotus arrows and so on. At first glance, it is difficult to examine the questions, but we can quickly sort out the questions and complete the task of examining the questions with "mathematical collocation method"

1991April 12, the leaders and teachers of Yiyang County Teaching and Research Section, Yiyang County No.1 Middle School and No.10 Middle School, Shaodong County No.3 Middle School and Shaoyang No.2 Middle School in Hunan Province listened to my class 1 147. At that time, the teacher of Shaoyang No.2 Middle School ordered the composition topic "Warm Current" for students. After the question was given, the students used the "mathematical collocation method" to examine the question. In just two minutes, the whole class completed the task of examining the question. Some students even saw the topic, thought about it a little, and wrote it in less than a minute. All the audience were secretly surprised.

The so-called "mathematical collocation method" is a method to examine the problem by borrowing the mathematical principle that both sides of the equation must be balanced. In mathematics, the formula process must keep both sides of the equation equal. We use the method of formula process to examine questions, which is called "mathematical matching method" This method is mainly used to examine figurative and symbolic topics. If a composition is a metaphor, it should be accompanied by its noumenon when writing. If the topic is symbolic, write it with something that is punished like an elephant. In short, according to the "mathematical collocation method", the topic is vehicle, write its ontology; The topic is symbolic, and what is written is symbolic. Like the topic "warm current", "warm current" is a metaphor, and the subject can be the encouragement of the party's policies, the teaching of teachers, the encouragement of leaders, and the help of comrades. The topic "Spring Breeze" and "Warm Current" are basically the same. "Lotus Arrow", like the title "Tall Lotus Arrow", is a symbol, and the object of the symbol is the revolutionary struggle spirit of Baiyangdian people. Obviously, the theme of the article is not to praise the lotus arrow, but to praise the indomitable revolutionary struggle spirit of the people of Baiyangdian. The theme of Red Leaves is not really about frosted maple leaves, but about old cadres, workers and teachers. Old revolutionaries and other veteran comrades maintain the lofty spirit of the late festival and strive for the afterheat. In other words, the topic of red leaves is not the red leaves of old trees, but the hearts of old people. The old leaves are red and the old heart is red. The title is just a symbol and has no other meaning. For example, the topics such as Ode to Green Leaves, Lighthouse, Paving Stones, Wei Kun Lun, Ode to Pine Trees, Youyou Baiyun, etc. are difficult at first glance, but we can quickly grasp the theme by using the method of "mathematical formula".

As mentioned earlier, the mathematical collocation method is suitable for examining figurative and symbolic topics. However, the ideographic function of Chinese is complex, and many words have double meanings, so does the topic of composition. For example, the topic of "an unusual examination" can refer to the examination of real cultural and scientific knowledge, as well as the examination of ideological and moral behavior. The topic of "precious gifts" can refer to precious items given in interpersonal relationships, outstanding achievements, achievements or achievements in some aspects, and good words taught by parents, teachers or superiors. For such topics, you can write real questions; It can also be written as a figurative topic, no matter from which aspect; Everyone can write a good article, because the topic itself has duality. But on the whole, taking this kind of topic as a figurative topic and examining it with the method of mathematical collocation will help to open up our own ideas, tap the deep meaning of the topic and write the article in depth.

9. Add factor method

In some topics, the proposer deliberately hides his head and tail, which confuses the topic and increases the difficulty of examination, so as to examine the profoundness and agility of students' thinking. For this kind of topic, as long as new factors are properly added on the basis of the original topic, the topic will be exposed and the task of examining the topic will be completed soon.

For example, the topic of "dumbfounding" is very difficult at first glance. You can't "cry" or "laugh". What should you write? I can't find a breakthrough at the moment, and it's really difficult to grasp the theme. If we add a new factor of "people" or "things" to the original title, the original title will become "people are in trouble" or "things are in trouble", so what the title requires to write will be clear at a glance. Another example is the topic of "heart", which is also somewhat confusing. However, if we add new factors such as "I", "teacher", "grandma", "principal" and "class teacher" to the original title, the meaning of the title will be very clear.

It should be noted that when using the method of adding factors to examine questions, the adding factors must be the same as the known factors of the original questions and cannot be alienated. Only people can have "troubles", so according to the same principle, the factor added to the topic of "troubles" can only be people. Of course, people of different occupations, ages and identities can, but they can't be alienated into things or other animals. Similarly, "crying and laughing" is the embarrassing result of people's embarrassing behavior or things, so when adding factors to this topic, only "people" or "things" can be added. The factor addition method is also called "factor reduction method", which is not only factor reduction, but also consistent with the factors of the original topic.

10. Text conversion method

In order to increase the novelty or literary color of some topics, proposers deliberately beat around the bush or even mystify them to increase the difficulty of examination. There is no need to panic when encountering this topic. As long as the original text is slightly modified, you can turn the magic into the people, quickly understand the theme, and complete the task of examination.

Once, a foreign teacher came to Class 1 147, where I taught, and listened to a quick composition observation class. The teacher took the class as a proposition. At that time, teachers from three schools in two counties discussed and decided on the topic "Is this true?" . The proposer really used his brain, and the topic can give people a sense of freshness, and there is still some confusion. At first glance, I don't know what is printed, but as long as the original text is slightly modified, the topic becomes "This is true" or "This is not true". Is it not clear what to write? The use of rhetorical questions in the original question (which can also be understood as rhetorical questions) causes confusion and increases the difficulty of examination. Through the transformation of words, the original question is turned into a declarative sentence, which makes the difficulty easy and the purpose clear at a glance.

When examining a topic by word transformation, we should pay attention to a problem. The transformed topic must be faithful to the original topic, otherwise it will deviate from the meaning of the topic. For example, the topic of "Ah, Zishuikou" is lyrical, and the key to examining the topic lies in the understanding of the emotional color of the word "Ah". The original word "ah" obviously contains the meaning of wonder and praise, so the topic can be changed to "I praise Zijiang", "Zijiang is beautiful" or "I love Zijiang", but it can't be changed to "I hate Wang Zijiang". In addition, the text transformation method is only a subjective thinking activity in the process of examining the topic. Through this kind of creative thinking, we can quickly complete the task of examining the topic, and will not change the topic in the actual writing process.

Use the topic to play.

The opposite way to judge the purpose of the topic is to use the topic to play the role. This method is suitable for examining emotional composition topics, such as post-reading, post-viewing and post-listening. By using the method of borrowing questions, we can quickly grasp the theme and make clear the direction of the article.

You can't talk about things by topic, nor can you talk about things by topic; For example, "Abandoning medicine from Lu Xun to pursue literature" is the topic of an emotional argumentative essay. Its purpose is not to comment on the right or wrong of Lu Xun's abandonment of medicine to pursue literature, but to discuss the inspiration and education he received from this incident.

Of course, in the process of writing, it will also involve the evaluation of Lu Xun's choice to give up medicine and engage in literature, but this is not the writing purpose of this topic. The writing purpose of this topic is mainly to explain his feelings and experiences. We can talk about how a person should choose his own life path, how to realize his ideals, how to determine his own wishes, and even how to treat the study of literature and theory. In addition, such topics as From Inside the Wall to Outside the Wall, Feeling that Life is a Deal, Thinking from the Scar on Ah Q's Head, Feeling, Inspiration from Khufu's Riding and Shooting, Saying, etc., can quickly grasp the direction of argument and speed up the examination.

There are two main points to grasp when using the method of borrowing questions, one is "borrowing questions" and the other is "playing". Use the essence and connotation of the topic to express your views and opinions. In addition, the views expressed should be in the same strain as the borrowed theme. In other words, the idea (that is, the idea of the article) is really triggered by the topic. Generally speaking, when writing this kind of composition topic, the viewpoint expounded is actually the expression of the deep meaning contained in the topic. If you master these two points, you will be handy when reviewing the questions.