As the saying goes: "The most important thing in weaving clothes and trousers is the beginning; the most important thing in weaving baskets is the ending." A good article should not only have a fascinating beginning, but also a thought-provoking ending. The so-called "leopard's tail" means that the writing style at the end should be concise, crisp, clean and neat, like a leopard's tail sweeping vigorously, loud and powerful, leaving readers with room for chewing and aftertaste. Next, I will bring you an excellent ending of the speech, I hope it will be helpful to you. Chapter 1: The classic beginning and end of the speech

The beginning and end are correspondingly structured

1. (beginning) At the end of the city, there are no bustling streets and shining neon lights; at the end of the city , there are only dilapidated shantytowns with people who have experienced the hardships of life; at the end of the city, there is a group of people like them.

(End) The sun rises from the horizon, lighting up the end of the city and lighting up their lives.

They will eventually become us. ("Them")

　2. (Beginning) Standing on the banks of the Seine, you can feel the fashionable and elegant pulse of Paris; standing on Fifth Avenue, you can feel the gorgeous and gorgeous atmosphere of New York; walking in Ginza On the streets, you can appreciate the ancient and modern culture of Tokyo; when you stay by the Huangpu River, you can appreciate the inclusive and unique spirit of Shanghai...

(End) I face the city in infinite thinking and touch it. shell, but also eager to touch its soul. I hope that one day its inner substance can be as beautiful and moving as the outer shell. I hope that one day those falseness and frivolity will become real and solid. I hope that "the clouds will disappear and the rain will disappear, and the colors will shine brightly". I hope that we can touch the city again. The beauty that scales like a flower from the inside out. ("Touching the City")

3. (Beginning) The wind is clear outside the window and the birds are chirping. The sun beats in the window, and the dreams are sweet. The boat of time sails quietly into the dreamland, opening the eyes of gloomy eyes. The windmill of life rotates over and over again every day, but I don't feel that it is a faded sculpture, because I am moved by it every day.

There are touches everywhere in life, even in every plant, tree, flower and stone. Set out with emotion, I found that every sound of water droplets colliding in the river of life was so clear and sweet.

(End) Set off with emotion, and your bag will be full every day, whether it is joy or sorrow. I always feel that those are the characters in my own experience. ("Starting with Moves")

4. (Beginning) The inexhaustible desire of human beings is the driving force that drives the wheel of history forward.

Where does desire come from? It comes from curiosity that humans are born with.

(End) Curiosity - while it promotes the progress of the world, it also accumulates the power to destroy the world.

Where should we go with this growing curiosity? ("Curiosity")

5. (beginning) Why?

Both of them are elderly, and they live in a house only a few meters apart. Why is it necessary to shout every few minutes?

Every time I go to my grandma's house, this incident always arouses my curiosity.

(End) I think that’s what love is. The people I love and miss must exist well where I can see them, where I can reach them, and where I can walk.

I am glad that I have curiosity, so that I can know the care, warmth and love of my grandmothers. I know, those calls are saying that as long as you are here, the whole world is here. ("Curiosity")

Natural and unpretentious

6. Life is a web of longitude and latitude intertwined with joys and sorrows, beauty and ugliness. It travels through time and space but still shines. We need to constantly explore and think about life. As long as we can continue to add sand, water and stones to our thinking, life will become fulfilling.

Let us work together to make and enrich our cup of life! ("A Glimpse of Life in the Cup")

7. Life is actually a process, many things, many things People will understand and mature only after they have failed and experienced. When failure comes, don't be sad, but regard it as an opportunity for growth and an opportunity for exercise. If you rush forward, a better and more splendid life will be waiting for you, and you will have a sense of accomplishment; if you retreat and do not move forward, you will only usher in more failures and more regrets in life.

When we are about to finish our life, we will look back on this life, especially those difficulties and failures, and we will feel that perhaps it is precisely because of these that we have enriched our lives. After overcoming them, we can achieve success. Make our lives more perfect. ("Don't say "no" easily")

8. I stood under the flower tree in the golden rain, carefully put that curiosity into the corner of my heart, and filled it with the love she gave me. Warm your heart. ("Curiosity")

9. I only have a glimpse of you, but I glimpse a plain and far-reaching attitude towards life. Be calm, be calm, I will never be dominated by all things, I am alone and carefree Beyond the turbidity, the cicada sheds away its encumbrances and only wishes to embrace the bright moon and live forever. There is a field of tobacco on the bank of the river, and a piece of plain grass.

Teach me how to follow your steps, the essence of beauty that makes you at a loss; teach me how to touch the hem of your clothes, that plain and detached attitude.

This is you, as light as spring water, your paranoid pursuit, the floating piece of silk beside the spring is the misty song that rises for you. ("A Coil of Tobacco and Ren Jiangping")

10. "The taste of the world is pure joy." I can't catch the shadow of the bright moon, but I hope to keep a heart of amber. In a busy life, drinking a cup of light mineral water will bring you a different feeling even for a moment of happiness. ("Qing Huan")

The finishing touch and the final chapter showing ambition

11. Everything is like a leaden dream! Life is fleeting and the world is full of vicissitudes. To all those whose hopes and dreams died young, we will cherish your dreams! We will plant flowers of love and unity on the land of our motherland. The world is with us! We cherish the same dream and learn to fly with those wings carrying dreams.

Dreams and life are together, and they will never wither in the greenhouse of memory. For all incomplete dreams, let us use the flowers of love to give them wings to fly. ("Remnant Dream")

12. Disasters of sorrow have existed since ancient times. However, throughout history, who has ever seen such inspiring and earth-shaking unity? "Historical Records" says: If the people are of one heart, the family will be safe; if the king and the people are of one heart, the country will prosper. Today, this is the hand in hand of people and people, people and country, country and the world. Why worry about the family being uneasy and the country not prospering? Together with the green mountains, we have experienced wind and rain together and are reunited together. Perhaps the link that brings together people from all over the world is this expectation: to establish a heart for the world, to establish a destiny for the people, to continue the unique learning of the saints, and to create peace for all generations! ("The Green Mountains and the Wind and Rain")

13. The sky leaves no trace of the bird, but it has flown by. Flying is not to leave traces, but to enjoy freedom and happiness while flying!

The flower falls without a trace, but it was once beautiful. Although there is no result, it has enjoyed sweat and youth. Although I cannot embrace my first choice, I will create the most beautiful surge in my second choice, making this place my dream to fly and enter the palace of art! I need sand in my cup! ("I need sand in my cup") 》)

14. However, things are always changing. Buildings are built in a uniform style that is no longer consistent with the wheat fields, and the curved lines of the field paths become stiff. People looked at the current countryside with disappointed expressions. Those pictures that disappear in the memory become the eternal pain in the heart, so it becomes a place that people can no longer reach.

In terms of internal structure, a speech needs to form or create the emotional atmosphere of the scene, and the content of the speech should be relatively concentrated. Usually a speech draft can only talk about two or three issues at most, and these two or three The questions are very closely connected logically, and are unfolded one by one in a layer-by-layer manner. The most taboo at this time is the flat list: A, B, C, D, 1234, abcd, which has become a taboo. Present the argument first and give examples later. This can only make the audience stop thinking and even make them sleepy. Distracted arguments and passive examples (that is, without analysis and unable to develop arguments) are no more than a lullaby.” And "In speech contests, it is especially required to focus on arguments because the time limit is greater." (Sun Shaozhen: "On Writing Speeches") The structure of a speech is divided into three parts: the beginning, the main body, and the end. Its structural principles are the same as those in general. The structural principles of the article are roughly the same. However, since speech is an activity with time and space, the structure of the speech also has its own characteristics, especially its beginning and end have special requirements.

1. The beginning should capture the audience and be engaging.

The beginning of the speech is also called the opening statement. It occupies a prominent position in the structure of the speech and plays an important role. Swiss writer Winkler said: "The opening speech has two tasks: one is to establish empathy between the speaker and the listener; the other is to open the scene and introduce the topic as the meaning of the word explains." A good speech should use the most appropriate words at the beginning. Concise language and the most economical time can attract the audience's attention and excitement, so as to achieve a surprising and winning effect.

The main opening techniques include:

1. Wedge. Use a few sincere words to establish a personal relationship with the audience and gain the audience's favor and trust;

2. Connection. Directly reflect a situation or issue to be discussed, often using a small incident, a metaphor, personal experience, anecdotes, and unexpected questions to connect the main content of the speech;

　3. Inspire. You can ask some questions that stimulate the audience's thinking and focus the audience's attention on the speech;

4. Touch the topic. Tell the audience what you are going to say at the beginning. Many famous politicians, writers and speeches in the world are like this.

There are many ways to start a speech. The main ones commonly used are:

1. Get straight to the point and remind you of the topic. This kind of opening means getting to the point as soon as you start speaking, directly reminding you of the center of the speech. For example, Soong Ching Ling's "Speech at the Ceremony of Accepting an Honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Victoria, Canada" begins: "I feel honored to receive an honorary Doctor of Laws from the University of Victoria, Canada." To use this method, you must first clearly grasp the center of the speech and put it into perspective. The arguments should be presented to the audience so that the audience will know what the center of the talk is and focus their attention immediately.

2. Introduce the situation and explain the root cause. This kind of opening can quickly shorten the distance with the audience and make the audience eager to understand what follows. For example, the beginning of Engels' "Speech at the Grave of Jenny Marx" delivered on December 5, 1881: "The woman of noble character whom we now bury was born in Salzwedel in 1814. Her father von Baron Westphalen had been close to the Marx family in Trier; the children of the two families had grown up together. By the time Marx entered college, he and his future wife knew that their lives would be forever linked. Together." This beginning provides the necessary introduction and explanation of what happened and the characters, paving the way for further reminders of the topic to the audience.

3. Raise questions and attract attention. This method is to raise some questions that stimulate the audience's thinking based on the characteristics of the audience and the content of the speech to attract the audience's attention.

For example, Frederick Douglass's "Speech Condemning Slavery" delivered at the Fourth of July convention in Rochester, New York, USA, on July 4, 1854, can arouse positive thinking in the audience and lead people to Go into an angry and profound situation: "Citizens, please forgive me for asking, why am I invited to speak here today? Or what do the slaves I represent have to do with your National Day? "Declaration of Independence" Shall the principles of political liberty and equality of creation enunciated in the Constitution also befall us? And I am called upon to offer our humble tribute to the altar of our country, in acknowledgment of the graces which your independence has brought us. To express sincere gratitude? "In addition to the above three methods, there are also explanatory style, suspense style, warning style, humorous style, pun style, lyrical style, etc.

2. The main body should be interconnected and in-depth.

This is the main part of the speech. In the process of writing, it is necessary to deal with several issues such as level, rhythm and cohesion.

(1) Levels Level is the order in which the ideological content of a speech is expressed. It reflects the steps in which the speaker develops his ideas and also reflects the speaker’s understanding of objective things. The level of the speech structure is based on The speech materials are selected and combined based on the spatial and temporal characteristics of the speech. Since speech is an activity that directly faces the audience, the structural level of the speech cannot be grasped by the audience through vision, and the auditory grasp of the level is limited by the time of the speech.

So, how can we make the structure of the speech clear and clear? According to the characteristics of the audience's hearing to grasp the hierarchy, the basic method to display the structural hierarchy of a speech is to establish obvious audio language signs in the speech, so as to appeal to the audience's hearing in a timely manner, thereby achieving the effect of clear hierarchy. The speaker repeatedly asks questions in his speech and elaborates his views based on the questions, so that the structure can be linked and deepened layer by layer. In addition, using transitional sentences or using words such as "first", "secondly" and "then" to distinguish levels in the speech is also an effective way to make the levels clear.

(2) Rhythm Rhythm refers to the relaxation and ups and downs of the structural arrangement of the speech content. The rhythm of the speech structure is mainly achieved by changing the content of the speech. The transformation of the speech content is to appropriately insert humor, poetry, anecdotes and other content into the content guided by a theme, so that the audience's attention can remain highly concentrated without excitability suppression due to high concentration. There is almost no good speaker who is not good at using this method. The rhythm of the speech structure should be both distinct and moderate. A straightforward and dull narrative will certainly make the audience nervous and fatigued, but too frequent content changes will also cause the audience to lose their attention. Therefore, the inserted content should serve the purpose of the speech, and the frequency of the rhythm should also be determined based on the psychological characteristics of the audience.

(3) Cohesion Cohesion refers to connecting the various levels of content in the speech so that it has a seamless overall feel. Since the rhythm of the speech requires timely changes in the content of the speech, it is easy for the structure of the speech to appear fragmented. Cohesion is a kind of compensation for the tightness and density of the structure. It makes the transformation of each content level more clever and natural, makes the speech full of integrity, and helps the theme of the speech to be deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. The main way to connect the structure of a speech is to use transitional paragraphs or transitional sentences that are related to two paragraphs of content and two levels.

3. The ending should be concise, powerful, and lingering.

The end is the natural conclusion of the speech. A concise, concise and lingering ending can invigorate the audience and prompt them to think and ponder continuously; while a loose, boring and boring ending can only make the audience bored and be forgotten as things pass. How can you leave a lasting impression on your audience? American writer John Wolfe said: "It is best to end the speech decisively when the audience's interest reaches its climax, and to stop abruptly when it is not over." This is the most effective way to end a speech.

When the speech is at its climax, the audience's cerebral cortex is highly excited, and their attention and emotions reach the best state. If the speech is suddenly ended in this state, the last impression retained in the brain of the audience will be particularly profound. There is no fixed format for the end of the speech. It may be a concise summary of the main points of the speech, or it may end with a call to action or motivational words, or it may end with a poem, famous quote, or humorous words. But the general rule is to leave a lasting impression on your audience. Part 2: The beginning and end of a classic speech

Speeches of different types and content have different structures, but the basic structure is composed of three parts: beginning, body, and end. The specific requirements for each part are as follows:

1. The beginning should be preemptive and attractive

The beginning of the speech, also called the opening statement, is like the "quelling the tide" at the beginning of a drama and occupies an important position in the whole article.

The opening statement The main methods are as follows:

Get straight to the point and state the main point.

This kind of opening does not make any detours, but goes straight to the point and puts forward your point of view clearly and clearly. Nesi's "Statement on Opposition to Military Appropriations in the German Reichstag" begins: "I voted against this proposal for the following reasons:"

State the facts and explain the background

Begin. Reporting some new facts to the audience is easier to attract people's attention and attract the audience to listen. For example, the beginning of Stalin's "Radio Speech" on July 3, 1941: "Hitler Germany launched a treacherous military campaign against our motherland on June 22." The attack is continuing. Although the Red Army put up a heroic resistance, and although the enemy's elite divisions and their elite air forces had been routed and buried on the battlefield, the enemy brought fresh troops from the front and continued to advance. … Our country faces grave danger. "

Raise questions and make people think

By asking questions, you can guide the audience to think about a problem, and thus create suspense and arouse the audience's expectation to know the answer. For example, Qu Xiao's " "Life·Ideal·Pursuit" begins like this: "How should a person treat his youth? I want to talk to you about my situation here. ”

Quoting aphorisms, leading to the following content

Quoting profound and thought-provoking aphorisms, leading to the following content. For example, a college student’s speech titled “My Thinking and Rising Up” , the beginning is very exciting: “If a person has never been confused in his life, then he has never thought. ”

There are still some ways to start, so I won’t list them all. In short, no matter what form of opening is used, it must be preemptive and attractive.

2. Main body The parts should be developed layer by layer and pushed to the climax step by step.

The main body of the speech should be developed layer by layer and pushed to the climax step by step. The so-called climax is the most exciting and most exciting part of the speech. Exciting paragraphs. In terms of the writing of the main part, the audience should be persuaded step by step theoretically, the audience should be attracted step by step in terms of content, and the structural layers should be carefully arranged to be in-depth and interconnected.

There are three ways to develop the main part:

Parallel style is based on the speech. The central argument is expressed from different angles and sides, and its structural form spreads out in a radial manner, just like the axis of a wheel and its spokes, and each side directly faces the central argument and proves it.

Progressive style.

That is, starting from the surface, taking a step-by-step approach, advancing layer by layer, and finally revealing the profound theme, just like peeling off bamboo shoots in this way. Structural level can enable things to be elaborated and proved from the outside to the inside.

Parallel and progressive combinations

This kind of structure may contain progression in parallel. Or include parallelism in progression.

This method is often used in some majestic speeches.

3. The ending should be crisp, concise and powerful

The end of the speech is the inevitable result of the development of the main content. There are many ways to end, whether it is a conclusion, a sublimation, a hope, or a call to action. A good ending should wrap up the entire article, show the final chapter's ambition, be crisp, concise and powerful, and avoid superfluous things or extraneous matters.

Extended reading

A speech is also called a speech. It is a manuscript that expresses personal views, opinions and opinions at a conference or other public occasions. The quality of the speech directly determines the success or failure of the speech.

The speech is as clear-cut and logical as an argumentative essay, but it is not an ordinary argumentative essay. It is an applied style of propaganda and agitation, often using various rhetorical techniques and artistic techniques, and has strong appeal.

Speeches may not all use speech scripts. Many famous speeches are improvisations and were recorded and spread by others. But for important speeches, it is best to prepare a speech script in advance, because the speech script has at least two functions: First, through careful sorting of ideas and careful organization of materials, the speech content can be made more profound and organized. Secondly, it can help speakers eliminate nervousness and fear on the spot and enhance their self-confidence.

Characteristics of speech scripts

Main differences

There is a big difference between speech, performance and composition.

First of all, a speech is a speech in which a speaker directly expresses his opinions to an audience in a certain situation through oral language on some meaningful things or issues that are generally concerned by people.

kind of social activities.

Secondly, composition is the author’s unilateral output of information to the reader through the article, while speech is the two-way exchange of information between the speaker and the audience at the scene. Strictly speaking, a speech is a triangular information exchange between the speaker and the audience, and the audience and the audience. The speaker cannot be satisfied with conveying his own thoughts, emotions, and emotions. He must be able to control the response between himself and the audience, and between the audience and the audience. and communicate. Therefore, the manuscript prepared for the speech has the following three characteristics:

Main characteristics

First, pertinence. Speech is a social activity and a form of publicity used in public places. In order to inform the audience, impress the audience, and "conquer" the masses with thoughts, feelings, examples, and theories, it must be realistically targeted. The so-called pertinence means that the issues raised by the author are of concern to the audience. Comments and arguments must have eloquent logical power and must be accepted and convinced by the audience. Only in this way can they be relevant. There are social effects; secondly, it is necessary to understand that the audience has different objects and levels, and "public occasions" also have different types, such as party group gatherings, professional meetings, service clubs, schools, social groups, religious groups, various In competition-like situations, when writing, you should design different speech contents for the audience according to different occasions and different objects.

Second, talkability. The essence of a speech lies in "telling" rather than "acting". It is based on "speaking" and supplemented by "acting". Since the speech must be oral, the draft must be easy to speak and can be spoken as a prerequisite. If some articles and works are mainly appreciated through reading to appreciate their meaning and flavor, then the requirement for a speech is to be "catchy on the tongue and easy on the ears." A good speech should be talkable for the speaker and pleasant for the listeners. Therefore, after the speech is written, it is best for the author to check it by giving it a trial or silently reciting it. If the speech is not smooth or cannot be heard clearly (such as a sentence that is too long), it should be revised and adjusted.

Third, agitation. Speaking is an art. A good speech has the ability to arouse the audience's emotions and win their favor. To achieve this, we must first rely on the rich and profound ideological content of the speech, the insightful, original, and thought-provoking, and the language expression must be vivid, vivid, and contagious. If the speech is written insipidly and has no originality, no matter how hard you perform it on the spot, the effect will not be good, or even the opposite.

Fourth, the overall speech draft cannot complete the speech task independently. It is only a textual basis for the speech and an integral part of the entire speech activity. The subject of the speech, the audience, and the specific time and space conditions all together constitute the entire speech activity. When writing a speech, it cannot be separated from the whole. To this end, the following aspects should be paid attention to when writing a speech:

First of all, the topic selection and expression method must be determined according to the cultural level, work nature, living environment, taste cultivation, hobbies and wishes of the audience. for better communication.

Secondly, the speech must not only fully reflect the speaker’s unique and profound views and insights, but also design and annotate the pitch of the voice, the speed of speaking, and the use of body language to achieve the goal. Best communication effect.

In addition, factors such as the time, space, and on-site atmosphere of the speech must also be considered to enhance the on-site effect of the speech. Fifth, orality

Orality is an important aspect that distinguishes speeches from other written expressions and conference documents. There is no need to say much about written articles. Other conference documents, such as conference work reports, leadership speeches, etc., do not pay much attention to oral language. Although a leader reads it on the stage, the audience usually has a printed speech in their hands. Listen to the lecture and read at the same time, there won't be anything you can't understand. The speech script is different. It involves more improvisation and it is impossible to print the speech script in advance and send it to the audience. For this reason, the speech must be "catchy" and "early". The so-called catchy means speaking fluently. The so-called ear hearing means that it sounds very smooth, there is no language barrier, and there will be no misinterpretation. Specifically:

Change long sentences into short sentences that are easy to listen to;

Change inverted sentences into regular sentences;

Change those that are not understood Change or delete classical Chinese words and idioms;

Replace monosyllabic words with disyllabic words;

Replace uncommon words with commonly used words;

Replace words that are easily misheard with words that are less likely to be misheard.

In this way, you can ensure that your speech is catchy and sounds clear.

Sixth, Presence

Speech activity is a face-to-face exchange and communication between the speaker and the audience. The audience will respond promptly to the speech: either with approval or disapproval, with interest or with indifference. The speaker cannot ignore the various reactions of the audience. Therefore, when writing a speech, he must fully consider its presence. On the premise of ensuring the completeness of the content, he must pay attention to leaving room for expansion and contraction. It is necessary to fully consider the various problems that may arise during the speech, as well as the countermeasures to deal with various situations. In short, the speech draft must be flexible and reflect the necessary scene control skills.

Main functions

First, "make people aware" speech. This is a speech whose main function is to convey information and clarify matters. Its purpose is to make people know and understand. For example, the esthetician Zhu Guangqian's speech "Talk about Composition" talked about the preparation before composition, article genre, conception, material selection, etc., so that the audience understood the basic knowledge of composition. It is characterized by strong knowledge and accurate language.